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zoology > Lecture 8 Sponges 2 & Radiata 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Sponges 2 & Radiata 1 Flashcards

1
Q

cnidocytes

A

contain specialized stinging organelles

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2
Q

Who are the Cnidaria ?

A

jellyfish , corals, sea anemones and hydras.

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3
Q

polyp type

A

sessile

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4
Q

medusa

A

aka jellyfish, floating or free swimming

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5
Q

recall about sponges (tissue type and symmetry)

A

No true tissues

asymmetrical

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6
Q

Who are the basal members of the clade eumetazoa ?

A

Phylum Cnidaria & phylum Ctenophora

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7
Q

main traits of phylum Cnidaria & phylum Ctenophora .

A
  • radial symmetry
  • diploblastic
  • only have tissue-lvl organization (no organs)
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8
Q

mesoglea

A

gelatinous/ jelly-like

can contain fibres , ameboid & epitheliomuscular cells

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9
Q

gastrodermis

A

epithelial cells covering the gastrovascular cavity.
can contain gonads, cnidocytes, gland cells, interstitial and nutritive-muscular.
very weak layer of muscle so water in cavity serves as a hydrostatic skeleton.

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10
Q

epitheliomuscular

A

covering & contraction

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11
Q

interstitial

A

undifferentiated stem cells

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12
Q

gland

A

secrete mucus /adhesive

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13
Q

cnidocytes

A

contain cnidae, abundant on tentacles

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14
Q

sensory

A

flagellum as receptors , join with nerve cells

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15
Q

nerve

A

multi or bipolar

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16
Q

Cnidae

A
  • tiny capsules within cnidocytes
  • capsule covered with operculum (lid)
  • contain coiled thread/filament
  • has tiny barbs/spines in most common form (nematocyst)
17
Q

lid

A

operculum

18
Q

what are the 3 different functional type of cindae ?

A

penetrants - penetrate prey & inject venom

2) volvents - recoil & entangle prey
3) glutinants - secrete adhesive

19
Q

How do cnidae work ?

A
  • most equipped with modified cilium acting as a “trigger” ( cnidocil )
  • others sensitive to vibrations
  • discharge under enormous hydrostatic pressure
20
Q

Nerve net .

A
  • no central nervous system
  • diffuse nervous network comprised of 2 connected nerve nets
  • can be considered a neuromuscular system in conjunction with sensory & epitheliomuscular cells
21
Q

Feeding and digestion of cnidarian

A
  • mouth opens into gastrovascular cavity
  • gland cells secrete enzymes & initiate extracellular digestion
  • nutritive cells phagocytize particles (intracellular digestion)
  • undigested particles carried by amoeboid cells back to gastrovascular cavity for expulsion
22
Q

Locomotion of cnidarian

A
  • colonial polyps are permanently attached
  • hydras & sea anemones can glide via mucous secretions using pedal disc
  • medusae swim by contracting the bell.
23
Q

Diecious

A

male or female individuals ( separate)

24
Q

Reproduction of cnidarians

A
  • polyps & medusae play different roles
  • polyps can make other polyps via asexual reproduction
  • clones via budding or fission
  • clones can be dispersed or can stay attached to form a colony that may exhibit division of labour.
25
Q

Which classes can eventually make a medusa ?

A

polyps in classes Hydrozoa & Scyphozoa eventually make medusa asexually.

  • medusae are dioecious (male or female individuals)
  • produce gametes & reproduce sexually to form a free- swimming zygote larva (planula)
26
Q

Class Anthozoa ( polyps or medusae)

A

sea anemones and coral are all polyps

both sexual and asexual reproduction as polyps

27
Q

Scyphozoa (polyps or medusae) ?

A

(true jellyfish) are only medusae

28
Q

Class hydrozoa ( polyps or medusa) ?

A

can alternate form bet medusae and polyps/

29
Q

pedalium

A

tentacle base as a tough blade

30
Q

solenia

A

communicate via gastrodermal tubes for the subclass octocorrelia

31
Q

octomerous

A

cavity with 8 chambers

32
Q

hexamerous

A

cavity with 6 chambers

33
Q

sea wasp

A

claimed to be the most venomous marine animal known.

cause excruciating pain to humans and death within 2-3 minutes.

34
Q

rhopalia

A

each rhopalia houses 6 eyes (class cubozoa)

35
Q

Gastric pouch

A

contain nematocyst and gonads

36
Q

Ring canal

A

circulate nutrients

zoology (11 decks)

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