ZOOLOGY CHAPTER 1 (LECTURE)

Question 1

Greek word of Zoology and it’s meaning?
1.
2.

Answer 1

Zōion = Animal
Logos = the study of

Question 2

Criteria for qualifying as an animal
1. ___ they consist of cells that possess a nucleus
2. ___ they primarily get their energy by eating other things
3. ___ breathing oxygen is a requirement for energy production and therefore survival
4. ___ mitosis and meiosis
5. ___ move around even once in their life
6. ___ animals grow from a hollow sphere of cells, an embryo in an early stage of development

Answer 2

1. Must be eukaryotic
2. Must be heterotrophic
3. Capable of aerobic respiration
4. Capable of sexual reproduction
5. Must be motile/ free moving
6. Grows from a blastula

Question 3

Can be defined as ANY ORGANISMS DESCENDED FROM THE FIRST ORGANISMS THAT QUALIFIES AS AN ANIMAL

Answer 3

Animal

Question 4

Different levels of organization

Answer 4

Atom
Molecule
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organisms
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere

Question 5

Known living organisms

Answer 5

Bacteria
Protists
Animals
Fungi
Plants

Question 6

Living organisms can be? (4)

Answer 6

Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic

Question 7

An animal is? (4)

Answer 7

Eukaryotic
Heterotrophic
Multicellular
Lacking cell walls

Question 8

Principles of modern zoology is based on? (2)

Answer 8

Laws of physics and chemistry
Scientific method

Question 9

_____ is the change in the genetic makeup of populations of organisms over time

Answer 9

Organic evolution

Question 10

Classified organisms as growing and capable of reproduction

Answer 10

Aristotle

Question 11

Developed the system of binomial nomenclature or “linnaean system of classification”
• set up similarity hierarchy

Answer 11

Carl Linnaeus

Question 12

Theories on the origin of life
1. The universe originated from the explosion of a hot rotating ball of gas from life originated through chemical evolution
EARTH FORMED:
LIFE FORMED:
2.Life is created by supreme being
3. life came from non-living things as supported by Aristotle in his book titled ______

Answer 12

Big bang theory
4.5 BYA
3.5 BYA
Doctrine of creation
Spontaneous generation
“ on the generation of animals”

Question 13

4. Microscopic life forms were introduced from outer space
5. life came from other living organisms as supported by Louis pasteur and Charles Darwin
6. life came from non-living things or inorganic matter

Answer 13

Panspermia
Biogenesis
Abiogenesis

Question 14

EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE IN ZOOLOGY
1. ______
2. ______
3. ______

Answer 14

1. Organic evolution is the change in the genetic makeup of populations of organisms over time
2. Each animal has its own evolutionary history
3. animals are being grouped according to their similarities, differences and histories

Question 15

Steps of scientific method (7)

Answer 15

Observation
Question
Hypothesis
Experimentation
Analysis
Conclusion
Communicate

Question 16

1. Based on facts and can be proven
   - we observed through the use of our senses
2. What? When? How? Where? Why?
   - Background research is done to determine what is already known

Answer 16

Observation
Question

Question 17

3. A possible answer and explanations to your question based on knowledge, observations and research
   - must be testable
4. Scientist gather and record information to test their hypothesis through experimentation
   • ____ are the factors acting upon the samples or an animal being tested
   • ____ the variable manipulated (change) by the researcher to determine if it will lead to change in the dependent variable
   • ____ what is being observed or determined

Answer 17

Hypothesis
Experimentation
Variable
Independent variable
Dependent variable

Question 18

5. Data are the results of the experiment which are then interpreted to form a conclusion
6. based on the results of the investigation which can either prove or disproved the hypothesis
7. Scientist share their findings with others

Answer 18

Analysis
Conclusion
Communicate

Question 19

• ____ Living organisms demonstrate a unique and complex molecular organization
• ____ Biochemical processes and reactions that maintain organisms
• ____ Increase in size, ____ series of progressive non repetitive changes that occur during the life history of an organism
• ____ Living things interact with their environment

Answer 19

Unique chemical composition
Metabolism
Growth and development
Environmental interaction

Question 20

• ____ genetic information is coded in the DNA
• ____ Living organisms are able to perpetuate
• ____ The biological mechanism by which organisms adjust to new environment
• ____ Parts of living systems are arranged in order
• ____ living organisms exhibit precise controlled movements

Answer 20

Genetic program
Reproduction
Adaptation
Organization
Movement

Question 21

Credited with devising the system of classifying animals that recognized similarities among diverse organisms, he arranged according to mode of reproduction and habitat

Answer 21

Aristotle

Question 22

FIELDS OF ZOOLOGY

• Study of the structure, function and operation of nucleic acid, proteins and molecular components of the cell
• Study of the cell, structure and different types
• Study of animal tissue
• study of specific organs

Answer 22

Molecular biology
Cytology
Histology
Organology

Question 23

• Study of diseases
• Study of heredity
• Study of fossils
• Study of protozoans
• Study of worms
• Study of mollusks
• Study of Insects

Answer 23

Pathology
Genetics
Paleontology
Protozoology
Helminthology
Malacology
Entomology

Question 24

ORGANS
1. Skin, hair, nails
2. Brain, spinal cord, nerves
3. Various glands
4. Bones, ligments, joints
5. muscle

Answer 24

Intermentary system
Nervous system
Endocrine system
Skeletal system
Muscular system

Question 25

ORGANS
6. Heart, blood vessels
7. bone marrow, lymphoid organs
8. lungs, airways, skin
9. kidney, urethra, ureters
10. mouth, stomach, intestines
11. gonads, genitalia

Answer 25

Circulatory system
Immune system
Respiratory system
Urinary/excretory
Digestive
Reproductive

Question 26

All animals were influencef by evolutionary processes, resulting into ___ species today

___ of structure and ___ animals is a major challenge for zoologist

No ___types of animals are exactly the same

Answer 26

100 million
Diversity
Function
Two

Question 27

All ___ are connected with one another

The ___ plays a major role in tge survival of animal species

___ are causing Severe impact to most animal species

Answer 27

Organisms
Environment
Human activities

Question 28

Study of fishes
“ “ amphibians and reptiles
“ “ birds
“ “ Mammals
“ “ Sponges

Answer 28

Ichthyology
Herpetology
Ornithology
Mammalogy
Parazoology

Question 29

Change in the genetic makeup of populations of organisms overtime

Answer 29

Organic evolution

Question 30

Animals that can be UNICELLULAR

Answer 30

Bacteria, protist, some fungi

Question 31

Animals that can be MULTICELLULAR (3)

Answer 31

Some fungi
Plants
Animals

Question 32

PROKARYOTIC cells that do not possess a nucleus (1)

EUKARYOTIC cells that possess a nucleus (4)

Answer 32

Bacteria
Protist
Fungi
Plants
Animals

Question 33

LIVING organisms that can be Autotrophic ( 3 )

LIVING organisms that can be HETEROTROPHIC (3)

Answer 33

Some bacteria
Some protist
Fungi

Some bacteria
Some protist
Fungi
Animals