ZOOLOGY CHAPTER 1 (LECTURE) Flashcards
Greek word of Zoology and it’s meaning?
1.
2.
Zōion = Animal
Logos = the study of
Criteria for qualifying as an animal
1. ___ they consist of cells that possess a nucleus
2. ___ they primarily get their energy by eating other things
3. ___ breathing oxygen is a requirement for energy production and therefore survival
4. ___ mitosis and meiosis
5. ___ move around even once in their life
6. ___ animals grow from a hollow sphere of cells, an embryo in an early stage of development
- Must be eukaryotic
- Must be heterotrophic
- Capable of aerobic respiration
- Capable of sexual reproduction
- Must be motile/ free moving
- Grows from a blastula
Can be defined as ANY ORGANISMS DESCENDED FROM THE FIRST ORGANISMS THAT QUALIFIES AS AN ANIMAL
Animal
Different levels of organization
Atom
Molecule
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organisms
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere
Known living organisms
Bacteria
Protists
Animals
Fungi
Plants
Living organisms can be? (4)
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic
An animal is? (4)
Eukaryotic
Heterotrophic
Multicellular
Lacking cell walls
Principles of modern zoology is based on? (2)
Laws of physics and chemistry
Scientific method
_____ is the change in the genetic makeup of populations of organisms over time
Organic evolution
Classified organisms as growing and capable of reproduction
Aristotle
Developed the system of binomial nomenclature or “linnaean system of classification”
• set up similarity hierarchy
Carl Linnaeus
Theories on the origin of life
1. The universe originated from the explosion of a hot rotating ball of gas from life originated through chemical evolution
EARTH FORMED:
LIFE FORMED:
2.Life is created by supreme being
3. life came from non-living things as supported by Aristotle in his book titled ______
Big bang theory
4.5 BYA
3.5 BYA
Doctrine of creation
Spontaneous generation
“ on the generation of animals”
- Microscopic life forms were introduced from outer space
- life came from other living organisms as supported by Louis pasteur and Charles Darwin
- life came from non-living things or inorganic matter
Panspermia
Biogenesis
Abiogenesis
EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE IN ZOOLOGY
1. ______
2. ______
3. ______
- Organic evolution is the change in the genetic makeup of populations of organisms over time
- Each animal has its own evolutionary history
- animals are being grouped according to their similarities, differences and histories
Steps of scientific method (7)
Observation
Question
Hypothesis
Experimentation
Analysis
Conclusion
Communicate
- Based on facts and can be proven
- we observed through the use of our senses - What? When? How? Where? Why?
- Background research is done to determine what is already known
Observation
Question
- A possible answer and explanations to your question based on knowledge, observations and research
- must be testable - Scientist gather and record information to test their hypothesis through experimentation
• ____ are the factors acting upon the samples or an animal being tested
• ____ the variable manipulated (change) by the researcher to determine if it will lead to change in the dependent variable
• ____ what is being observed or determined
Hypothesis
Experimentation
Variable
Independent variable
Dependent variable
- Data are the results of the experiment which are then interpreted to form a conclusion
- based on the results of the investigation which can either prove or disproved the hypothesis
- Scientist share their findings with others
Analysis
Conclusion
Communicate
• ____ Living organisms demonstrate a unique and complex molecular organization
• ____ Biochemical processes and reactions that maintain organisms
• ____ Increase in size, ____ series of progressive non repetitive changes that occur during the life history of an organism
• ____ Living things interact with their environment
Unique chemical composition
Metabolism
Growth and development
Environmental interaction
• ____ genetic information is coded in the DNA
• ____ Living organisms are able to perpetuate
• ____ The biological mechanism by which organisms adjust to new environment
• ____ Parts of living systems are arranged in order
• ____ living organisms exhibit precise controlled movements
Genetic program
Reproduction
Adaptation
Organization
Movement
Credited with devising the system of classifying animals that recognized similarities among diverse organisms, he arranged according to mode of reproduction and habitat
Aristotle
FIELDS OF ZOOLOGY
• Study of the structure, function and operation of nucleic acid, proteins and molecular components of the cell
• Study of the cell, structure and different types
• Study of animal tissue
• study of specific organs
Molecular biology
Cytology
Histology
Organology
• Study of diseases
• Study of heredity
• Study of fossils
• Study of protozoans
• Study of worms
• Study of mollusks
• Study of Insects
Pathology
Genetics
Paleontology
Protozoology
Helminthology
Malacology
Entomology
ORGANS
1. Skin, hair, nails
2. Brain, spinal cord, nerves
3. Various glands
4. Bones, ligments, joints
5. muscle
Intermentary system
Nervous system
Endocrine system
Skeletal system
Muscular system
ORGANS
6. Heart, blood vessels
7. bone marrow, lymphoid organs
8. lungs, airways, skin
9. kidney, urethra, ureters
10. mouth, stomach, intestines
11. gonads, genitalia
Circulatory system
Immune system
Respiratory system
Urinary/excretory
Digestive
Reproductive
All animals were influencef by evolutionary processes, resulting into ___ species today
___ of structure and ___ animals is a major challenge for zoologist
No ___types of animals are exactly the same
100 million
Diversity
Function
Two
All ___ are connected with one another
The ___ plays a major role in tge survival of animal species
___ are causing Severe impact to most animal species
Organisms
Environment
Human activities
Study of fishes
“ “ amphibians and reptiles
“ “ birds
“ “ Mammals
“ “ Sponges
Ichthyology
Herpetology
Ornithology
Mammalogy
Parazoology
Change in the genetic makeup of populations of organisms overtime
Organic evolution
Animals that can be UNICELLULAR
Bacteria, protist, some fungi
Animals that can be MULTICELLULAR (3)
Some fungi
Plants
Animals
PROKARYOTIC cells that do not possess a nucleus (1)
EUKARYOTIC cells that possess a nucleus (4)
Bacteria
Protist
Fungi
Plants
Animals
LIVING organisms that can be Autotrophic ( 3 )
LIVING organisms that can be HETEROTROPHIC (3)
Some bacteria
Some protist
Fungi
Some bacteria
Some protist
Fungi
Animals
