LABORATORY PRE-LAB 3 Flashcards
It is the basic structural unit of living organisms that performs the body’s delicate internal biochemical process known as ____
Cell
Metabolism
Animal cell (3)
Absence of cell wall and chloroplasts
Small vacuole
Irregular or round shape
Plant cell (3)
Presence of Cell wals and chloroplasts
Large central vacuole
Rectangular shape
GENERAL STRUCTURE OF AN ANIMAL CELL
• membrane enclosing the nucleus. Protein lined pores allow material to move in and out
Nuclear envelope
GENERAL STRUCTURE OF AN ANIMAL CELL
DNA plus associated proteins
Chromatin
GENERAL STRUCTURE OF AN ANIMAL CELL
Condensed region where ribosomes are formed
Nucleolus
GENERAL STRUCTURE OF AN ANIMAL CELL
• ____ Metabolizes waste
• ____ associated with ribosomes; makes secretory and membrane proteins
• ____ makes lipids
Peroxisome
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
GENERAL STRUCTURE OF AN ANIMAL CELL
(Cytoskeleton) • ____ form the mitotic spindle and maintain cell shape
• ____ microtubules organizing center
• ____ fibrous proteins that hold organelles in place
• ____ Fibrous proteins; form the cellular cortex
• ____ digest food
• ____ modified protein
• ____ produce energy
Microtubules
Centrosome
Intermediate filaments
Microfilaments
Lysosomes
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
• ____Carbon-based molecules which constitutes most of the cell structure
•____ those without carbon that make up a small fraction of cell constitution
Organic molecules
Inorganic molecules
• ___ it is the primary source of energy for the cell
• ___ it is the secondary source of energy; acts as the thermal insulation, hormone action, cushion
Carbohydrates
Lipids
• ____ Primarily functioning as catalyst of chemical reactions, acting as structural molecules and as channels and receptors of the cell
• ____ it carries the genetic information of the cell
Protein
Nucleic acids
BUILDING BLOCKS: MONOMERS
•____ Monosaccharides
• ____ glycerol/ fatty acids
• ____ Amino acids
• ____ nucleotides
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acid
• lack of true nucleus and membrane bound organelles
• Unicellular organisms
• has a small and circular DNA contained in the nucleoid
• Examples: (2)
Prokaryotic cells
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
• Present nucleus and membrane bound organelles
• multicellular organisms
• DNA is found within the nucleus
• Example: (3)
Eukaryotic cells
Protists
Plants
Animals
• are all the body’s cells except for the sperm and egg cells
• Are ____, meaning they contain two complete sets of chromosomes
• They make up the majority of our body’s cells and are responsible for various functions
Somatic cells
Diploid
• also known as ___cells, are the egg and sperm cells
• They are ___ cells, meaning they contain only one set of chromosomes
• Sex cells are produced through a special type of cell division called ___
Sex cells
Germ cells
Haploid
Meiosis
• ___ generally undergo ___
• the process by which a single parent cell divides to make two new daughter cells
• the major purpose is for growth and to replace worn out cells
Mitosis
Somatic cells
Mitosis
• ___ cells undergo ___
• The purpose of this is to create ___ for sexual production with half the genetic material of the parent cell
Sex
Meiosis
Gametes
____ is a simple chemical test used to detect the presence of reducing sugars in a solution.
• It is a bright blue solution containing ____, _____, and ____
,
Benedict’s test
Copper sulfate
Sodium citrate
Sodium carbonate
A chemical test used to detect the presence of peptide bonds in a molecule. ___ are made up of ___ linked together by protein so as a positive indicates the presence of ___ in a sample
• Proteins absent (Negative)
• Protein present (positive)
Biuret test
Peptide bonds
Proteins
Amino acids
Blue color
Purple color
BENEDICT’S TEST
• ___ no reducing sugar (Water, Egg white)
• ___ trace reducing sugar (fruit extract, onion extract, potato extract, Liver, soy beans, Green)
• ___ Low reducing sugar (Egg yolk)
• ___ Moderate reducing sugar (Glucose solution , pure honey,)
• ___ High reducing sugar (liver, pure honey)
Blue
Green (light and dark)
Yellow
Orange
Brick red
BIURET TEST
Egg yolk ____
Egg white ___
Liver ____
Soy beans ___
Fresh milk ____
Fruit extract ____
Potato extract ____
Onion extract ____
10% glucose solution ____
Water ____
Pure honey
Violet (positive)
Violet (positive)
Violet (positive)
Violet
Violet
Blue
Blue
Blue
Blue
Blue
Blue
____ the process by which cells replicate themselves to produce new cells. This
process is essential for growth, development, repair, and reproduction in animals
Cell division
Biuret test solution (2)
3% copper sulfate
10% potassium hydroxide
Biuret test solution (2)
3% copper sulfate
10% potassium hydroxide
The fundamental building blocks of an animal organisms. They are ____ cells meaning they have a nucleus containing DNA
Animal cells
Eukaryotic
How many drops of benedict solution?
How many drops of copper sulfate?
How many drops of potassium hydroxide?
10 drops
5 drops
10 drops
