LECTURE CHAPTER 2

Question 1

English scientist and inventor ___ Uses a primitive compound microscope to observe boxlike cavities in slices of ___ and ___. He called these compartments “____”

Answer 1

Robert hooke
Cork and leaves
Little boxes or cells

Question 2

•___ theory is originally proposed by ___ and ___
• According to ___, all plant tissues was composed of cells
• According to ___ describes animal cells as being similar to plant cells
• They are credited with the unifying cell theory

Answer 2

Matthias schleiden
Theodore Schwann
Schleiden
Schwann

Question 3

Cell theory
1.
2.

Answer 3

1. All living organisms are made up of one or more cells
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living organisms

Question 4

German scientist ____ recognized that all cells came from pre-existing cells

Answer 4

Rudolf Virchow

Question 5

• No nucleus or other membrane bound organelles
- Kingdom ____
- Kingdom ____
• have nucleus and membrane bound organelles
- kingdom ____
- kingdom ____
- kingdom ____
- kingdom ____

Answer 5

Prokaryotic cells
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Eukaryotic cells
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

Question 6

• Can vary in shape
• Lacks cell wall
• do not have chloroplasts
• Smaller Vacuole
• Have lysosomes
• Have centrioles

Answer 6

Animal cell

Question 7

• Fixed, rectangular shape
• Have rigid cell wall
• Contains chloroplasts
• Have large central vacuole
• Lacks lysosomes
• Lacks centrioles

Answer 7

Plant cell

Question 8

• The ___ sorrounds the cell
• The ___ is the largest organelle
• Double layered ____

Answer 8

Plasma membrane
Nucleus
Nuclear envelope

Question 9

• ___Refers to the cellular material between the cell membrane and nuclear envelope
• organelles such as the ____, _____, ___, and ____ are found in the cytoplasm

Answer 9

Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Golgi complex
Centrioles
Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

Plasma membrane are consist of two layers of ____ molecules oriented with ___ heads toward the outside and ____ tails inside

Answer 10

Phospholipid
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic

Question 11

• The nonpolar nature of the hydrophobic ends in the interior of the membrane prohibit polar substances from crossing the membrane
• ____ embedded in the membrane function in the transport of molecules across the membrane

Answer 11

Glycoprotein

Question 12

• NUCLEUS -
  • The ___ contains pores to allow molecules to move between nucleus and cytoplasm
  • ____ are contained in the nucleus
  • ____ refers to loosely condensed DNA and proteins

Answer 12

Nuclear envelope
Chromosomes
Chromatin

Question 13

• ____ are specialized parts of certain nucleus that carry multiple copies of the DNA used to synthesize ____
• The rRNA combines with protein to form the two subunits of ____
• Ribosomes leaves the nucleus through ___ in the nuclear envelope

Answer 13

Nucleoli
Ribosomal RNA
Ribosomes
Pores

Question 14

• The nuclear envelope joins with a cytoplasmic membranous system the _____
• _____ is covered with ribosomes, ___ is not

Answer 14

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
Smooth (SER) A

Question 15

• ___ has ribosomes attached to its surface because it is involved in the synthesis of proteins that are destined for secretion or insertion into membranes
• ___ and ___ are synthesized in the SER

Answer 15

Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Lipids and phospholipid

Question 16

• A stack of membranous vesicles where storage, modification, and packaging or protein product occurs

Answer 16

Golgi complex

Question 17

• Contain enzymes (proteins) that can breakdown foreign material like bacteria or worn out cellular components
• may pour enzymes into ___

• ____ occurs here (process by which a cell engulfs large particles, such as bacteria or dead cells, and brings them into the cell.)

Answer 17

Lysosomes
Food vacuoles
Phagocytosis

Question 18

• ___ are the powerhouse of the cells
___ is produced here
• Composed of a double membrane -the inner membrane is folded into ___
• ___ are self replicating, containing their own circular DNA molecule

Answer 18

Mitochondria
ATP
Cristae
Mitochondria

Question 19

• Eukaryotic cells have a ____ that provides support and often locomotion and movement organelles
• Composed of microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments

Answer 19

Cytoskeleton

Question 20

• ___ are made of the proteins called ___ and ___ and function in a cells ability to contract as seen in muscle cells
• ___ microfilaments move molecules and organelles through the cytoplasm

Answer 20

Microfilaments
Actin
Myosin
Actin

Question 21

• are larger tubular structures composed of the protein ___
• Moves chromosome during cell division
• Part of the structure of cilia and flagella

Answer 21

Microtubules
Tubulin

Question 22

• Microtubules radiate out from the ___ the microtubules organizing center
• Located near nucleus
• ___ are found in the centrosome
• Centrioles composed of __ triplets of microtubules (replicate before cell division)

Answer 22

Centrosome
Centrioles
9

Question 23

___ and ___ are motile extensions of the cell surface

Answer 23

Cilia
Flagella