FINALS / Animal tissues Flashcards
Arranged into discrete functional units called ___
Tissues
Notable exception, lack true tissue-level organization
Sponges
Study of tissues
Histology
Cover external surfaces for protection or line the internal surfaces of body cavities and vessels
Epithelial tissue
Function as barriers and in secretion and absorption
Epithelial tissue
Nerves are separated from the other nerves or from effectors organs by specialized junctions called _____
Synapses
Often called a nerve fiber
Axon
Forms insulating sheath around many vertebrae peripheral nerves
Schwann cell
Transmits electrical impulses from cell body to synaptic terminal
Axon
Release neurotransmitter chemicals into synapses when action potential arrives
Synaptic terminals
• Found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
Nervous tissue
• Consists of two basic kinds of cells: neurons and supporting cells called glial cells.
Nervous tissue
• Specialized for reception of stimuli and conduction of impulses from one region to another.
Nervous tissue
• Controls the animal’s body through transmission of electrical signals.
Nervous tissue
composed of long, unbranched muscle fibers that are actually composites of many individual muscle cells, giving these fibers their
multinucleated appearance
Skeletal muscle
has cross striations in its
cells and has a single,
centrally located nucleus
Cardiac muscle
simplest and doesn’t have striations
Smooth muscle
Type of muscle: Smooth , skeletal, cardiac
Nuclei:
Control:
Location:
( No - single, in center - involuntary- visceral organs )
( yes - Many, at periphery - voluntary- skeletal muscle)
( yes - single, in center - involuntary - heart)
• They differ by the presence or absence of striations or bands, the
number and location of nuclei, whether they are voluntarily or
involuntarily controlled, and their location within the body.
Muscle tissues
• The movement is initiated in response to nerve signals through ___
Muscle tissues
Contraction
• Tissues that generally function for movement which consist of long cells called ____
Muscle fibers
• it circulates in the body
through blood vessels transporting oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, metabolic wastes, and practically any other
substance that cells use or
produce.
Blood
Classified as a type of connective tissue
Blood
• made up of cells called ____ have
small nuclei localized at the cell
edge.
Adipocytes
• each cell in adipose tissue
contains a large, ____, giving adipose cells the appearance of being empty
spaces.
Oil filled vacuole
• a type of connective tissue that
stores or sequesters food for
the body in the form of fat
droplets.
Adipose tissue
• produce red blood cells in the
bone marrow.
Bone
• responsible for storing calcium
that can be withdrawn by the
body as blood calcium levels
drop.
Bone
• most specialized structural
connective tissues, and the
strongest of them.
Bone
• a connective tissue with a large
amount of the matrix and
variable amounts of fibers.
Cartilage
• contains tightly packed
collagen fibers, making it
stronger than loose connective
tissue.
Dense/fiber connective tissue
• loosely scattered cells
surrounded by a clear,
gelatinous matrix.
Loose connective tissue
Loose connective tissue is composed of loosely ___ and ___. Fiber and other components are secreted by ____
Wooven collagen
Elastic fibers
Fibroblast
• also called ___
tissue, has a sampling of all of
the components of a
connective tissue.
Loose connective tissue
Areolar connective
Component of connective tissue
Component:
• Extracellular matrix
o Fibers
o Ground substance
Types of connective tissue (6)
Loose
Dense/fibrous
Cartilage
Bone
Adipose
Blood
made up of fibrous cells.
Connective tissue
• Tissues that bind organs together, hold organs in place, support body structures, and store nutrients.
Connective tissue
• made up of several layers of
cells that become flattened
when stretched
• appear only in the urinary
system, primarily in the
bladder and ureter.
Transitional epithelium
• appear in the respiratory tract.
• they exist in one layer, but the
arrangement of nuclei at
different levels makes it appear
that there is more than one
layer.
Pesudostrarified columnar epithelium
occurs in the surface of skin
and in the linings of mouth,
esophagus, vagina, anus.
Stratified squamous epithelium
Location
• Prevalent in the inner lining of
the digestive tract (small
intestine and stomach).
Simple columnar epithelium
represented by a single layer
of elongated, rectangular cells.
Simple columnar epithelium
Location
• Glandular tissue and kidney
tubules.
Simple cuboidal epithelium
represented by a single layer
of box-shaped cells.
Simple cuboidal epithelium
lung alveoli, linings of the
heart, and glomeruli of kidney.
Simple squamous epithelium
represented by a single layer
of flattened cells.
Simple squamous epithelium
The types of epithelia are classified by the ___ present and the ____ of cells
Shapes of cells
Number of layers
Shapes (4)
Layers (3)
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Transitional
Simple
Stratified
Pesudostrarified
2 types of blood
Erythrocytes
Leukocyte
