zoology

Question 1

complexity + hierarchy organization (5 things)

Answer 1

Metabolism, reproduction, interaction, movement, development

Question 2

what are characteristics of animals?

Answer 2

multicellular, eukaryotes, heterotrophs, no cell wall

Question 3

steps of the scientific method

Answer 3

test/experiment, observation, hypothesis, predictions

Question 4

what is the basic definition of evolution

Answer 4

a process resulting in changes in the genetic material of a population over time

Question 5

five components of Darwins theory of evolution

Answer 5

populations evolve over time, those with less favorable traits will less frequently survive, living world is always changing, all life forms have common ancestry, new species arise.

Question 6

what is homology?

Answer 6

characteristics inherited from a common ancestor. Basic structure the same, same relationship between physical features, same development.

Question 7

what is homoplasy?

Answer 7

appear similar but evolved independently thro0ugh convergent evolution. examples: wings for flight, beak in octopus and birds.

Question 8

what is a species?

Answer 8

lineage from a common ancestral population, interbreed, genotype and phenotype cohesions within species.

Question 9

what barriers are in place that prevent similar species from interbreeding?

Answer 9

geographic or reproductive barriers.

Question 10

how is new variety generated in a population?

Answer 10

1. Mutation
2. Genetic Drift
   - change in allele frequency
3. Migration
   - new individuals enter population, bringing alleles with them
4. Natural Selection
   - increase fitness
5. Interaction

Question 11

bottleneck affect

Answer 11

survivors are now only allies in population

Question 12

founders affect

Answer 12

new population is a new location

Question 13

what is the scientific name of an animal

Answer 13

two words
first is the genus (capitalized)
second is the species (lower case)

Question 14

list in order the principal categories(taxa) in linnaen taxonomy

Answer 14

1. phylum
2. class
3. order
4. family

Question 15

difference between pleisiomorphy and apomorphy

Answer 15

pleisiomorphy- shared ancestral trait
apomorphy- derived trait

Question 16

what is a dendrogram?

Answer 16

a branching diagram that shows the relationship of similarities among a group

Question 17

how are cladograms and phylogenetic trees different?

Answer 17

cladograms are branching diagrams and phylogenetic trees represent real lineages in evolutionary histology.

Question 18

monophyletic

Answer 18

contains most recent common ancestor of all members of the group and all of its descendants

Question 19

paraphyletic

Answer 19

contains most recent common ancestor of all members of the group and some but not all of its descendants

Question 20

polyphyletic

Answer 20

does not contain the most recent common ancestor of all members in the group.