zoo collections revision notes Flashcards
1 what is a zoo
Zoo = all permanent establishments where animals of wild species are kept for exhibition for 7 or more days a year
Role of the modern zoo = breeding
= conservation
= education
= research
= entertainment
BIAZA = British and Irish association of zoo and aquariums
WAZA = world association of zoos and aquariums
Ex = situ conservation = outside of the natural habitat
= captive breeding
= reintroduction in the wild
= education
= record keeping
= information exchange
= research
In situ conservation = inside of the natural habitat
2 history of zoo
= practice of keeping wild animals can be traced back to 2500 bc
= records in Egyptian tombs show crane baboons, hyena, and cheetah
= become relevant with royalty and wealth
1519 = Aztec emperor Montezuma’s Zoo
= deformed humans and animals
1500 – 1900 = start of European menagerie zoo
Schonbrun Vienna Austria = oldest still surviving
1775 madid = second oldest
1793 Jordin des plantes Paris = now significantly scaled down
1100 AD = hennery 1st collection
= make him feel important
1200 AD = king john menageries tower of London
= remained for 600 years
1824 = RSPCA
= increased pressure for proper care of animals
1826 = zoological society of London
1848 = carl hegenbeck
= removal of bars In cages
1970 = conservation
1906 = ota benga human exhibit
= carl hegenbeck
1959 = Gerald durrell jersey zoo
= preserve small brown species
1998 = atmen collection to conservation over 50 years
3 zoo
Pros = conservation = education = saves animal from extinction = provides a job = breeding ethnically to save species Cons = kept in confined spaces = is it ethical Safari park Pros = bigger enclosure = more natural environment = experience Mixed species exhibit Cons = stressful for animals = animals = cars vandalised = air pollution = public feeding Petting zoo Pros = education = experience Cons = inexperienced handing causing injury = zoonotic disease = Over handling = stress Aquariums = experience = education Cons = wrong enclosure = stress = change in diet = preform = wrong species together
3 part 2 history of zoos
2000 – 2500 bc = ancient menageries = private collections
1235 = tower menageries = private then public
17th century = royal menageries = public
18th 19th century = American zoological menageries = travelling public exhibitions
19th century = American zoological gardens = human public exhibition
20th century = Hagenbeck’s Tierpark Hamburg = public exhibition
1920s and 30s = disinfectant era = public exhibitions
1970s = immersion exhibits = public
20th century = conservation = public
4 pressures, perceptions exotics
Pressures = new exhibits = conservation = prove zoos should exist = PETA = conservation research education Perceptions = PETA = entertainment = passion Expectations = certain species = Flagship species = improvements = BIAZA EAZA Zoo mission statement = clearly shows what to archive its gaols are = what dose the company do = how does the company do it = why dose the company do it
6 interpretation
Interpretation = education activity = direct contact = experiences which generate enjoyment sensitivity knowledge and commitment to the valve’s interpretation = signs = experiences = information sheets = talks = visual displays = artefacts = fun activities = islands/ habitats = gift shops = eye catching = colour = shape = size = photos = heading = front = theme = logo Tilden’s 6 principles = must relate = information = arts and scientises = provocation = whole story = children/ adult different Interpretation = education = entertainment = stimulation = provocation = interactive = creativity = thought provoking = promote business = memory = stay longer = curiosity = awareness = attention
7 conservation
Ex – situ conservation = outside habitat In – situ conservation = inside habitat Breeding programs = BIAZA = EAZA = STUDBOOK RCP = regional collection plans = don’t bring animals from the wild TOGS = taxon advisory group = group of animals EEP = European endangered species program ESB = European studbook Breeding issues = success rate = funding = stock = space = inbreeding = genetics = surplus = disease
8 group structure
Group structure = mixed species = mixed gender = same gender = solitary = herd = Harim = 1 male multiple female Consideration = diet = age = prey predator = breeding = ratio = behaviour = communication Benefits = social = workload = reduce stress = education = entertainment = conserve space
9 welfare needs
Environmental enrichment = brain Stimulating = interest Environment = objects Sensory = sound light smell Cognitive = mental Social = group Physical = enclosure Feeding = position of food
10 enrichment and design
Enrichment = water source = logs = climbing frame = platform = trees = mud = rocks = pebbles = rope = tunnel = indoor housing
11 legislation
The protection if animals act 1911- 2000 = an offence to cause any unnecessary suffering to any domestic or captive animal
The protection if animals (anaesthetics) acts 1954- 1982 = an offence to perform an operation on an animal without anaesthetic
The veterinary surgeons act 1966 = prohibits anyone from carrying out treatment and operations on animals unless they are registered with the royal college of veterinary surgeons
The animal welfare act 2006 = aims to prevent cruelty for domestic and captive animals.
The wildlife and countryside acts 1981- 1991 = protection and conservation of wild animals and their habitats
The animal health act 1981 = control the introduction and spread of disease
The zoo licence act 1981 = licence to open a zoo
= 2 months’ notice local and national newspaper
= 4 years
= 1 vet
= 1 officially appointed zoo inspector
= experience with health and safety legislation
The preforming animals’ regulations act 1920
The dangerous wild animals act 1976
Convention on international trade in exotic species if wild flora and fauna 1973
12 identifying animals
Marking techniques = branding = tagging = tattooing = ear notching = microchips = ringing = chalk = ringing = paint = toe clipping = collaring Natural marking = patterns = colour = pigmentation = ridges/ wrinkles = scares Identification = tail length = tail thickness = patch colour = patch size = ears = head marking = gender = hight = paw print
13 health and husbandry
What may lead to illness = parasites
= physical trauma
= malnutrition
= positing
14 nutritional strategies
Factors to consider = food presentation = ingredient availability = nutrient and energy behaviour = variety and enrichment = specialised feeders = nocturnal feeders Carnivore = animals Herbivore = plants omnivore = animal and plants frugivore = fruit insectivore = insects piscivore = fish graminivore = grain Gummivore = gums and saps of trees
