Synoptic 3 Revision Questions Flashcards
What is wildlife rehabilitation
The managed process whereby a displeased sick injured or orphaned wild animals regains the health and skills it requires to function normally and live self sufficiently
What is wildlife ecology
The scientific discipline of applying ecological principles to the study of wildlife species and there habitat wildlife ecology is a field that studies animals especially animal populations and seeks to identify ways in which populations can be helped
What is wildlife conservation
The practice of protecting wild species and there habitats in order to prevent species from going extinct
Why do we use scientific names to help I’d animals
So people around the globe can id species no matter what language they speak.
How were scientific names formed
Through classification, Carl Linnaeus a Swedish botanist zoologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature the Modern system naming organisms
What is binomial nomenclature
A formal system of naming species of living things by giving each names composed of two parts genus and species
What is botanist
An expert in or student of scientific study of plants
Why is species is important in wildlife rehabilitation
To ensure that animals are given the correct care and diet
What are the essential elements
Food and water
Cover
Space
Arrangement
What are the known levels of an organisms
Individual Population Community Ecosystem Biome Biosphere
What is clumped dispersal
Individuals live in areas of high local abundance which are separated by low areas of abundance
What is uniformed dispersal
Individuals are evenly spaced through the environment
What is random dispersal
Individuals have an equal probability to of occurring anywhere in an area
What are growth curves
Graphical representation that shows the cause of a phenomenon over time
What is j curve
Unlimited growth
What is a curve
Logistics growth - regulated growth
What is carrying capacity
The largest possible number of individuals of a species that a habitat can support over a long period of time
What is breeding strategies-k
Animals have few young and look after them
Population grows slowly
Animals tend to be large in body size
Animals tend to have a longer life span
What are examples of breeding strategies-k
Orang-utan
African elephant
Giant otter
Blue whale
What is breeding strategies -r
Rapid reproduction rate
Animals are small in body size
Animals have a short life span
What are examples of breeding strategies-r
7 spotted lady bird Bank vole Streaked tenrec Cinnabar moth Rabbit Black bean aphid
What is the continuous cycle of population increase and decrease called
Boom and bust
What are the different types of hunting strategies
Ambush
Stalking
Pursuit
What predator tactics are there
Cryptic colouration
Forming groups
Deception
Chemical poisons
What is parasitism
A female will lay eggs inside a host
What are prey defences
Chemical defence Cryptic colouration Warning colours Bayesian mimicry Mullurian mimicry Protective armed
What are behavioural defences
Flight or fight
Alarm calls
Changing stance
Living in groups
What is the coevolutonary arms race
Predator and prey are locked in a coevolutionary arms race- prey evolve another strategy to avoid being Eaton predators evolve another strategy to find and locate prey
What is a species
A group of individual that actually or potentially interbreed in nature
What is speciation
Speciation occurs as a population divides into two or more reductively isolated populations
What are two causes of speciation
Geographical isolation - allopathic speciation
Reduction of gene flow - sympathetic speciation
What barriers cause geographical isolation - allopathic
Rivers Mountains Canyons Unfavourable habitat Timings of breeding season
What is an example of allopatric isolation
Hawaiian fruit flys - separated to different islands differ in size winds pattern and head shape
What is reduction of gene flow - sympatric
Live in the same area have an opportunity to breed but do not
Examples of reduction of gene flow - sympatric
Some lay eggs if hawthorns others don’t females lay eggs on fruit they grew up on males look for mates on fruit they grew up on
What is gene flow
The movement of genes between different populations
What is natural selection
Natural selection increases characteristics (genes) that a favourable to a population
What is evolution
A change in a population of a species overtime
What are the types of evolution
Divergent
Convergent
Parallel
What is divergent evolution
Two different species share a common ancestor but have developed different characteristics from one another
What are examples of divergent evolution
Dog, wolf
Zebra, horse, donkey
Kit fox, artic fox
Moth, butterflies
What is convergent evolution
Two differ species do not share a common ancestor but have developed similar characteristics through adaption to similar environmental conditions
What are examples of convergent evolution
Hedgehogs and echidnas
Bird moth and bat
Hyena and dogs
Shark and dolphin
What is parallel evolution
Once had a common ancestor and had similar traits but have now evolved different traits
What are examples of parallel evolution
Groundhog and wombat Anteater and numbat Wolf and Tasmanian wolf Flying squirrel and phalanger and flying lemur Native cat and ocelot
What are the driving fives of evolution
Each species occupies a nich in the community a niche is the role a species plays
What is an example of a nich
Different species of worker bird have a different nich it’s sprouts tree habitat by feeding in different area of the tree birds avoid companion with one another for food
What are Darwin’s finches - divergent evolution
A group of about is species of passer one birds they are well known for there remarkable diversity in bean form and function this is known as natural selection but also a form of divergent evolution
What is a management plan
A comprehensive plan that clearly specifics that intended objectives of the proposed project Which in this case are aim to maintain wildlife populations and the habitat that they inhabit
Why is habit management important
Crucial to maintaining the quality of preserving the habitat and the animal populations
What is habitat management
Habitat management is commonly used to maintain and enhance the biological interest of many areas of semi natural habitat where natural processes no longer create suitable conditions for disorder species improving the quality of habitats and preserving species there
What are the main components to consider when thinking about carrying capacity in wildlife management plan
Surveying the land
Equipment
Permissions
What are biomes
A large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat
What are the major biomes if the world
Tropical rainforest Attic alphorn tundra Savanna Lake Coral reaf Desert River Wetland
What are the factors effecting animal populations
Climate change Dispersal Pollution Natality Global warming Habitat loss Mortality Natural disaster Lack of food Competition Pray predator relationship Hunting Disease Flooding
What is in situ conservation
Conservation inside of the natural habitat
Examples of in situ conservation
Habitat restoration Re population Protected areas Rehabilitation centres Education Restoration
What is ex situ conservation
Conservation outside of natural habitat
What are examples of ex situ conservation
Captive breeding
Research
Education
Fundraising
What is the uk biodiversity action plan
Published in 1994
List of species ranging from most threatened to last consent
1150 consent
What is the ICUN
International union for conservation of nature 1948
What are reasons for admission to wildlife centres
Traffic accidents Traps Collisions Disease Litter Fishing Oill spills Orphaned Shot Good intentions
What is barrier nursing
A set of infection control techniques to prevent disease spreading
What are examples of barrier nursing
PPE
Isolation
Food dip
Clinical waste bags
Why is isolation used in wildlife rehabilitation
Prevent spread of disease
Prevent imprinting
What diseases need barrier nursing
Avian flu Lyme disease Ring worm Myxomatosis E cuniculi Lyme disease Blue tong Mange Foot and mouth
What is a initial assessment
A structured physical examination allows the vet/ nurse to obtain a complete assessment of the casualty observation and inspection of the injury or condition are used to gather information clinical judgement of assessment requires
What is triage
The assignment of degrees of around your to wounds or illness to decide the order of treatment of a large number of casualties
When doing a health check why is it important to start at the heat and work down the body
Every areas is checked
Prevent cross contamination
What equipment is used for handling and restraint
Crash cage Catch pole Gauntlet glove Muzzle Bird net Snake hook Swab hooks Swab bag Towel
What are the steps after triage
Euthanasia Veterinary assessment Fluid therapy Oxygen therapy Release in the wild Captive enclosure while treating
What information must be recorded on admission
Location and time found Weather and season Age gender weight Social needs Diet Reason Housing Previous care History Finder details
What are the aims of accommodation
Reduce stress
Reduce injury
Care and husbandry
Type of housing
Incubator
Skippers
Cadges
Cubicle
What are considerations of housing
Cleaning Substrate Care Layout Isolation Heating Safety
What dose it need to be released
Locate food
Avoid predators
Compete defend
Behaviour
What are the types of release
Soft
Hard
What are the legislations
Wildlife and countryside act 1981 - protect all wildlife
Veterinary Surgeons act 1966- conditions only vets can do
Wild nameless act 1996- protect wildlife mammals
Protection of badger act 1992- protect badger
Deer act 1991- protect deer
Conservation of habitat and species regulations 2010
Conservation of seals act 1970
What are the reason of non native animal release
Deliberate
Accidental
