exotics revision notes Flashcards
1 Ethnical sourcing
1 Ethnical sourcing Exotic animal = an animal that is generally non native and a species that has evolved through a natural evolutionary process such as natural selection. Domestic animal = an animal that has been selectively bred for a specific genetic trait. Captive farmed = animals that are bred or farmed in their own country of origin often on larger scale. Pros = remain in natural habit = research = awareness = wild and protected = reintroduced Cons = non ethical = expensive = stressful = welfare issues Wild caught = animals taken from wild and put into captivity Pros = increase gene pool = healthy population = natural behaviours = research = conservation Cons = taken to early = stressful = decreased wild population = harder to meet needs = welfare issues Captive born = bred from wild caught parents Pros = natural instincts = adapt better = less abnormal behaviours Cons = reduce wild populations = stress = welfare issues Long term captive = taken from wild and put into captivity for long periods of time Pros = no abnormal behaviour = healthy population Cons = lose natural instincts = reduce wild populations Ethnical sourcing = means of ensuring that the purchase/ exchange of animals is done in a way that is not harmful to the animals or the environment. = ensuring that animals are genetically sound, bred in favourable conditions and are not exploited in the pursuit of financial gain. = every effort is taken by the breeder and buyer to encourage an ethical trade and dose not encourage damaging or illegal behaviour.
2 legislation
2 legislation
International agreement = an agreement between nation states or countries to tackle a global challenge.
= convention of biological diversity
= cites convention of international trade of exotic species
Authority = the body that makes decisions and regulates a sector such as a government department.
= the kennel club
= DEFRA
Cites = convention on international trade in endangered species of wild flora and fauna
= it aims to ensure the international trade of animals and plants dose not effect their survival
DEFRA = department for environmental farming and rural affairs.
COTES = control of trade in the endangered species enforcement regulations 1997
3 environmental factors
3 environmental factors Endothermic = can produce its own heat but has evolved and adapted to live in cold environments = high energy needs = requires more food = mammals’ birds Exothermic = it cannot regulate their temperature, so it requires an external source of heat to survive = low energy needs = requires less food = reptiles, invertebrates, fish UV-A = breeding and feeding U V- B = vitamin d and absorbing calcium Circadian cycle = day and night Ventilation = air Water current = strong week current Humidity = water in air Salinity = salt Ph = acidic
4 temperature
4 temperature Manage temperature = heat mat = ceramic bulb = lamps = water = spot bulb = Infra-red bulb = mercury vapour bulb = aquarium heater Controlee temperature = thermostat = heat placement Humidity = spraying enclosure = substrate = humidifier = large water dish = glass enclosure = temperature
5 reproductive effort
5 reproductive effort K strategies = reproduce later in life = mature slowly = small number of young = energy spent raising = live in stable environments = elephant = deer r strategies = reproduce early in life = large number of young = energy spent on reproducing = live in unstable environments = frogs = rats = fish Sexual reproduction = one parent Asexual reproduction = two parent Viviparous = live baring young Oviparous = egg baring Oviparous = egg hatch inside mother born live Altricial young = cannot see or hear Precocial young = well developed Semi precocial = can see and hear but cannot move
6 introduction to disease
6 introduction to disease
Pathogenic = caused by a pathogen
Pathogen = biological agent that has the potential to cause harm or disease in an organism
Non pathogenic = caused by the absence of a pathogen
Pathogen causes = bacteria
= parasites
= fungi
= protozoa
= virus
= prion
Disease transmission = direct contact
= indirect contact
= droplets
= air born
= faecal oral
= inhalation of spores
= entry onto the skin
= animals
Biological vector = organism that transports a pathogen and play a role In a life cycle
Mechanical vector = organism tat transmits a pathogen
Zoonotic = animal to human
Anthroponotic disease = human to animal
Notifiable – legally obliged to report
Bacteria = pyrocitric (single celled organism)
Viruses = non living organism and they are not cells and do not metabolise energy
Fungi = neither plant nor animal they are heterotrophs meaning they do not make their own food
7 pathogenic diseases
7 pathogenic diseases
Pathogen = bacteria
= virus
= fungi
= parasite
= parasitic worm
= flat worm
Chytrid fungus = lives in moist conditions
= effects the composition of the skin making it thicker because of keratin build up this effects how nutrients, water, and oxygen are passed through the skin
= red skin, flaking skin, sudden death
= itraconazole (fungal treatment)
Aspergillosis = zoonotic
= affects birds
= fungal spores taken into lungs and begins to grow and spared
= raspatory issues, coughing blood, lethargy, low conditions, sudden death
= fungal treatment
Necrotic stomatitis = mouth rot
= pathogenic and non-pathogenic
= damaged skin, mouth open, wounds, loss of appetite, secondary infection of bone
= antibiotics, wright parameters.
Pneumonia = occurs when fluid builds up in the respiratory system
= difficulty breathing, increased respiratory rate, lethargy, respiratory noise.
= antibiotics
Psittacosis = zoonotic
= transmitted directly and indirectly
= lethargy, puffy swollen eyes, swollen organs, respiration
= antibiotics
Fish tb = scale loss, deformities, ulcers, bulging eyes, abnormal behaviour,
= antibiotics
Avian influenza = zoonotic
= notifiable
= raspatory issues
= soft eggshells
= swelling of the head
= vaccination
8 non pathogenic diseases
8 non pathogenic diseases Metabolic bone disease = caused by an imbalance in calcium and phosphorus = skeletal deformities = hard colciped lumps = lathery = poor movement = decreased appetite = dietary supplants u.v light Dysecydis = retaining of the skin = loss of sight = further infection = constricted blood supply = Retrained eye caps = retrained skin = irritation = parts or incomplete sheds Dystocia = egg bound = swelling of the abdomen or latter part of the body = parading eggs from the cloaca = reduced activity levels = nesting box, surgery Malocclusion = miss alignment of the teeth = overgrown teeth = inability to close the jaw = inability to feed = loss of weight = discomfort around the mouth area = surgery chewing block, correct diet Water born disease = regular water changes
9 feeding
9 feeding Main approach to feeding = natural = substitute feeding = artificial Carnivore = other animals Insectivore = insects Piscivore = fish Corallivore = coral Herbivore = plants Granivore = grain Gummivore = gums and saps of trees Graminivore = grass Omnivore = plants and animals Frugivore = fruit
