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SF2 2 > Zill Review > Flashcards

Zill Review Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior Cleft Palate

A

Same as cleft lip. Do not fuse medial nasal process and maxillary process

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2
Q

Posterior Cleft Palate

A

Failure to fuse secondary palate (maxillary processes of each side)

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3
Q

Complications of tonsillectomy

A

1) post-operative bleeding of tonsillar branch of facial artery
2) damage to CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)

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4
Q

True/false: Veins of the spinal cord have no valves

A

TRUE

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5
Q

Example of cancer which can metastasize to vertebral column

A

Carcinoma of prostate (in the pelvis)

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6
Q

Symptom of maxillary sinus infection

A

toothache

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7
Q

How is pressure in the middle ear equalized

A

Tensor and Levator Palati transiently open auditory tube when swallowing

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8
Q

Torticollis

A

contracture of sternocleidomastoid (congenital or acquired); face to OPPOSITE side

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9
Q

Structure forming a lingual thyroid

A

Thyroglossal ducts remnants

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10
Q

Innervation of muscles of the tongue

A

Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)

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11
Q

Internal and External Jugular Veins: which descends in the carotid sheath and which descends on the outer surface of sternocleidomastoid?

A

Internal Jugular Vein is in the carotid sheath. External Jugular Vein descends on the outer surface of sternocleidomastoid

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12
Q

Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscles

A

close rima glottidis

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13
Q

Upper motor neuron lesion of hypoglossal nerve

A

Protruded tongue deviates AWAY from side of lesion to cortex, etc.. (control only contralateral). This is all due to unopposed action of the genioglossus muscle

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14
Q

Action of cricothyroid muscle

A

Stretches vocal ligament, increasing pitch

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15
Q

Anaphylactic shock

A

Acute allergic reaction. Swelling of vestibular folds; can constrict airway and lead to suffocation.

mucosa is tightly attached to vocal folds thats why it happens in the false not true vocal folds

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16
Q

Symptoms of parotid tumors and mumps

A

1) Ear (outer) ache due to compression of Auriculotemporal Nerve (V3)
2) Facial Paralysis – Compress VII

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17
Q

Innervation of mucous glands of nose and palate

A

Parasympathetics from CN VII

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18
Q

Sensory innervation to Post 1/3 of tongue

A

CN IX

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19
Q

Ludwig’s Angina

A

Infection of floor of mouth (submandibular space), often due to spread from abscessed mandibular tooth. Infection may obstruct airway and push up tongue

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20
Q

Plaque at carotid bifurcation

A

Can give rise to emboli in internal carotid artery and cause cerebrovascular occlusion STROKE

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21
Q

Sensory innervation of the dura

A
  • V1, V2, V3
  • CN X (Vagus)
  • Sensory branches of C1/C2
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22
Q

Highly anastomosed artery leading into nasal cavity

A

Sphenopalatine Artery (from maxillary artery)

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23
Q

Sensory and branchiomotor innervation to all muscles of larynx except cricothyroid muscle

A

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

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24
Q

Action of tensor palati

A

tenses soft palate

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25
Q

rima glottidis

A

opening between the true vocal cords and the arytenoid cartilages of the larynx

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26
Q

“Popcorn 1”; First pharyngeal structure causing difficulty swallowing

A

Valleculae (in the oropharynx)

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27
Q

Constrictor muscle continuous anteriorly with buccinator

A

superior constrictor

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28
Q

Symptoms of nerve damage/tumor at stylomastoid foramen or in parotid gland

A

Facial (VII) paralysis only (as opposed to Neurinoma which damages VIII as well)

29
Q

Blood supply to palatine tonsil

A

Tonsillar branch of facial artery

30
Q

Inlet into the larynx found above the false vocal folds

A

Vestibule

31
Q

Sensory innervation of nasal cavity

A

V1 and V2

32
Q

Posterior Cricoarytenoid muscles

A

open rima glottidis

33
Q

Symptoms of Obstruction of Radicular Artery (of Adamklewicz)

A

1) paraplegia (corticospinal tracts, bilateral voluntaryparalysis of legs and lower body)
2) bilateral loss of pain and temperature sense (spinothalamic tract)
3) loss of sphincter control
4) sparing of vibration and position sense (dorsal columns; sensory)

34
Q

Contents of the carotid sheath

A

1) common and internal carotid arteries
2) internal jugular vein
3) CN X (Vagus)

35
Q

Lower motor neuron lesion of hypoglossal nerve

A

Protruded tongue deviates TOWARD side of lesion. Unopposed action of the genioglossus muscle of one side.

36
Q

Can occur during clamping for heart surgery or by a dissecting aortic aneurysm; causes infarction (tissue death in spinal cord) similar to an anterior spinal artery syndrome

A

Obstruction of Radicular Artery (of Adamklewicz)

37
Q

Action of thyroarytenoid muscle

A

Relax vocal ligament, decreasing pitch

38
Q

Sensory innervation of floor of mouth

A

V3

39
Q

Clinical intervention in anaphylactic shock

A

Insert tube into cricothyroid membrane (in between thyroid and cricoid cartilages) to allow air in. This results in less bleeding that tracheotomy

40
Q

Innervation of tensor palati

A

CN V

41
Q

What are surgeons cautious about damaging in (neck) posterior triangle surgery?

A

Brachial plexus and the phrenic nerve

42
Q

Damage can occur to this nerve in thyroid surgery, paralyzing all muscles on one side except cricothyroid; permanent hoarse voice

A

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

43
Q

Why can tongue cancer spread to opposite side easily?

A

Lymph vessels of tongue cross the midline; lesion may spread to the opposite side

44
Q

Suboccipital muscles and actions

A

1) Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor (Extend head)
2) Rectus Capitis Posterior Major (Extend/Rotate)
3) Obliquus Capitis Superior (Extend)
4) Obliquus Capitis Inferior (Rotate; has stretch receptors to sense neck rotation)

45
Q

Three Pharynx constrictor muscles

A

Superior, Middle, and Inferior Constrictor

46
Q

Visceral sensory endings of this nerve monitor blood pressure and chemoreception. Damage to it can lead to cardiac-pulmonary dysfunction

A

CN IX

47
Q

Sensory innervation to Ant 2/3 of tongue

A

V3 (lingual nerve; somatic sensory touch) and CN VII (chorda tympani - taste)

48
Q

Area between true and false vocal folds; Lateral extension is Laryngeal Sinus

A

Ventricle

49
Q

Damage to lingual nerve in floor of mouth

A

Lose taste (CN VII) and Touch (V) to anterior 2/3 of tongue

50
Q

angina

A

A condition with intense pain

51
Q

Two folds overlying vestibular ligaments (superior to inferior)

A

Vestibular (false vocal) and Vocal (true vocal) folds

52
Q

Significance of veins of spinal cord having no valves

A

Metastasis to Vertebral Column

Disease processes can spread to spinal cord and vertebra by intervertebral veins.

53
Q

Motor innervation to muscles of palate

A

Vagus (CN X) for all muscles of the palate except Trigeminal (CN V) for tensor palati

54
Q

The Superior Laryngeal Nerve divides into Internal/External Laryngeal Nerves. What do they do?

A

Internal Laryngeal Nerve - sensory

External Laryngeal Nerve - branchiomotor to Cricothyroid muscle

55
Q

Sensory supply to Maxillary sinus and the teeth

A

Anterior and Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerves (from V2)

56
Q

Sensory innervation of palate

A

V2

57
Q

Origin and Insertion of Tensor Palati

A

Origin: Auditory Tube
Insertion: Palatine Aponeurosis

58
Q

Steps of swallowing

A

Voluntary:
1) Form bolus [Palate down by Palatoglossus]
2) Push bolus back [contract mylohyoid and styloglossus]
Involuntary:
3) Elevate soft palate [contract Tensor Palati, Levator Palati, and Stylopharyngeus]
4) Down tube [contract pharyngeal constrictors; pull larynx forward with hyoid muscles]

59
Q

Artery arising from carotid siphon

A

opthalmic artery

60
Q

Why is a retropharyngeal abscess difficult to diagnose and life-threatening?

A

There’s no external swelling. Abscess can block the airway.

61
Q

Hangman’s Fracture

A

Fracture of dens of C2

62
Q

Location of palatine tonsil

A

located between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

63
Q

Acoustic Neuroma (Neurinoma)

A

Tumor at Internal Auditory Meatus (Blocks CN VII, VIII)

64
Q

Air sinuses in the skull we need to know, all named for the adjacent bone

A

1) frontal sinus
2) sphenoid sinus
3) ethmoid sinus
4) maxillary sinus

65
Q

Result of damaged tympanic membrane or Petrotympanic fissure

A

1) loss of taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue

2) loss of parasympathetics to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

66
Q

A cause of meningitis. CSF leaks into nose

A

Fracture of nose can break the cribriform plate, which is part of the floor of anterior cranial fossa

67
Q

“Popcorn 2”; Found lateral to inlet of larynx

A

piriform recess

68
Q

Cleft lip

A

failure of fusion of medial nasal process and maxillary process

SF2 2 (14 decks)

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