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SF2 2 > Spinal Cord Morphology > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

Shallow longitudinal groove in which dorsal rootlets enter the spinal cord on its posterolateral surface

A

posterolateral sulcus

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2
Q

Ventral rootlets leave spinal cord from these structures

A

anterolateral sulcus

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3
Q

Contains the cell bodies of the primary sensory neurons of that particular spinal nerve

A

dorsal root ganglion

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4
Q

Join to form spinal nerves

A

Dorsal and ventral roots

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5
Q

Portion of the spinal cord that gives rise to a spinal nerve

A

segment

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6
Q

Breakdown of the 31 spinal segments of the spinal cord

A 
8 - cervical
12 - thoracic
5 - lumbar
5 - sacral
1 - coccygeal
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7
Q

Cervical enlargement (spinal cord)

A

Supplies the upper extremities, extends from C5-T1

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8
Q

Lumbar enlargement (spinal cord)

A

Supplies the lower extremities, extends from L2-S3

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9
Q

What are funiculi generally in the spinal cord?

A

white matter columns in between the gray mater areas

You have the anterior, lateral, and posterior funiculi

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10
Q

Where do you have lateral gray horns in the spinal cord?

A

Levels of the 12 thoracic and upper 2 or3 segments of lumbar nerve roots

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11
Q

Structure through which the corticospinal tract descends

A

Lateral funiculus

Principle targets are neurons in the anterior gray horn concerned with activation of skeletal muscles

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12
Q

Structures through which the posterior column of medial lemniscus (PCML) ascend

A

Gracile and cuneate fasciculi

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13
Q

Composition of fasciculi

A

Composed of the central processes of peripheral sensory neurons supplying muscles, joints, and skin

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14
Q

Areas of the body from which processes enter the gracile fasciculus and cuneate fasciculus, respectively

A

Processes entering from the lower part of the body form the gracile fasciculus; those from the upper part form the cuneate fasciculus

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15
Q

Gray matter columns in the spinal cord

A

1) Posterior (Dorsal) Horn
2) Intermediate Gray / Intermediate Zone
3) Anterior Horn

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16
Q

Column/root containing alpha and gamma (lower) motor neurons

A

Ventral Gray Column / Ventral Horn

17
Q

Spinal cord structures containing preganglionic cells for the autonomic nervous systems

A

Intermediolateral gray columns/horns

18
Q

These segments give rise to sympathetic axons that leave the spinal cord within the ventral roots and then travel to the sympathetic ganglia via the white rami communicantes

A

T1-L2

19
Q

From segments S2-4, these axons leave the spinal cord within the sacral ventral roots

A

Sacral parasympathetic neurons

20
Q

Lissauer’s Tract

A

Compact bundle of small fibers which are part of the pain pathway in the dorsolateral fasciculus of the spinal cord

21
Q

Where is the proportion of gray to white matter greatest in the spinal cord

A

lumbar and cervical enlargements

22
Q

General trend with spinal lamina (what is where generally?)

A

Dorsal: sensory
Intermediate Areas: autonomics
Ventral: motor

23
Q

Describe the medial stream of afferent fibers into lamina of rexed

A
  • Comprised of medium/large fibers which divide within posterior funiculus into asc/desc branches
  • Branches swing into the post. gray horn and synapse in Lamina II, III, IV
  • Largest ascending fibers run all the way to the posterior column nuclei in the medulla oblongata
  • Long fibers form bulk of gracile/cuneate fasciculi
24
Q

Describe the lateral stream of afferent fibers into lamina of rexed

A
  • Comprised of small (Aδ and C) fibers which divide into short ascending/descending branches with the posterolateral tract of Lissauer
  • Synapse upon neurons in the Marginal Zone (Lamina I) and Substantia Gelatinosa (Lamine II)
  • Some fibers synapse upon dendrites of Laminae III-V
25
Q

Give rise to anterior and posterior spinal arteries (respectively, I think)

A

Vertebral and Radicular (esp Great Radicular Artery of Adamkiewicz) Arteries

26
Q

Give rise to spinal arterial plexus

A

Anterior and Posterior Spinal Arteries

27
Q

Knee-Jerk Reflex. ___ type fiber endings in quadriceps muscle spindles are exited and in turn excite quadriceps ____ motor neurons

A

Ia type fibers

alpha motor neurons

28
Q

General principle of reciprocal inhibition in reflexes

A

Reflex activity in a given muscle produces similar activity in its ipsilateral synergists and the opposite activity in its ipsilateral antagonists.

29
Q

Principal Cord Segment Tested: biceps reflex

A

C5

30
Q

Principal Cord Segment Tested: brachioradialis reflex

A

C6

31
Q

Principal Cord Segment Tested: triceps reflex

A

C7

32
Q

Principal Cord Segment Tested: knee-jerk reflex (patellar)

A

L4

33
Q

Principal Cord Segment Tested: ankle-jerk reflex (achilles)

A

S1

34
Q

Autogenic inhibition

A

Alpha motor neurons that innervate the muscle connected to the relevant golgi tendon organ are inhibited via inhibitory interneuron between the afferent and efferent fibers.

35
Q

Two ways which flexor reflex pathways spread over multiple spinal segments

A

1) Primary afferent fibers bifurcate on entering the spinal cord and their processes then extend one or more segments in both rostral and caudal directions
2) flexor pathway includes at least one interneuron, which itself may have processes extending over several segments

36
Q

Crossed effects of a flexor reflex

A

Simultaneous and opposite pattern of activity in the contralateral limb; As the left left leg flexes and withdraws, the right leg extends and is thus better able to support the body

SF2 2 (14 decks)

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