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SF2 2 > Orientation to CNS > Flashcards

Orientation to CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Functional group of neurons within the CNS

A

nuclei (sing. nucleus)

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2
Q

Three major types of CNS pathways

A

1) association pathways
2) commissural pathways
3) projection pathways

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3
Q

Association Pathway

A

Axons connect different cortical areas within one hemisphere

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4
Q

Commissural Pathway

A

Axons connect areas on both sides of the brain (generally homotopic areas)

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5
Q

Projection Pathway

A

Axons connect specific areas to other areas or nuclei; can be ascending or descending

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6
Q

Major subdivisions of adult human brain

A

Telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon

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7
Q

Subdivision(s) of the brain making up the forebrain

A

Telencephalon and Diencephalon

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8
Q

Subdivision(s) of the brain making up the midbrain

A

Mesencephalon

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9
Q

Subdivision(s) of the brain making up the hindbrain

A

Metencephalon and Myelencephalon

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10
Q

Brain subdivisions making up what is called the brain stem

A

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla

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11
Q

What subdivision of the brain are the cerebral hemispheres (incl. cerebral cortex) included in?

A

Telencephalon (part of the forebrain)

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12
Q

The numerous foldings or crevices in the cerebral cortex

A

Sulci or fissures (if they’re deep)

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13
Q

Bumps and ridges in the cerebral cortex

A

gyri

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14
Q

Two deepest sulci in the cerebral cortex

A

Lateral and central sulci

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15
Q

Lobes of the brain

A

Frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital

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16
Q

Four “subcortexes” of the cerebral cortex

A

1) primary sensory/motor cortex
2) unimodal association cortex
3) hetermodal association cortex
4) limbic cortex

17
Q

Unimodal Association Cortex

A

Higher order processes take place here for a single sensory or motor modality; these areas generally lie near or adjacent to the primary area for that sense

18
Q

Hetermodal Association Cortex

A

Involved in integrating functions from multiple sensory and/or motor modalities. Involved in executive function and decision making

19
Q

Limbic Cortex

A

Regulates emotion and memory in conjunction with deeper brain structures

20
Q

Subcortical gray matter nuclei forming a complex network of inhibitor and excitatory connections

A

Basal ganglia

21
Q

Four main regulatory channels the basal ganglia are involved in

A

1) Motor channel (General motor control)
2) Oculomotor Channel (eye movement)
3) Prefrontal Channel (cognitive function)
4) Limbic Channel (emotional function)

22
Q

Major sensory relay station in center of brain. Most pathways that project to the cortex have synaptic relays here. Also conveys inputs from cerebellum and basal ganglia.

A

Thalamus

23
Q

These two structures form the link between the neural and endocrine systems

A

Hypothalamus and Pituitary

24
Q

The hypothalamus forms the walls and floor of which ventricle

A

Third ventricle

25
Q

The limbic system constitutes a diverse interaction of cortical and subcortical structures that regulate:

A

1) olfaction
2) memory
3) emotions and drives
4) homostatic function

26
Q

Three main parts of the midbrain

A

1) colliculi
2) tegmentum
3) cerebral peduncles

27
Q

Functions in the colliculi, part of the midbrain

A

Auditory signal processing (inferior) and visual signal processing (superior)

28
Q

Functions in the tegmentum, part of the midbrain

A

Movement (red nucleus) and pain processing (periaqueductal grey)

29
Q

Part of the midbrain which serves as a major signaling connection

A

cerebral peduncles

30
Q

Found between the tegmentum and peduncles (part of midbrain). Play role in dopamine tract and fine motor control

A

substantia nigra

31
Q

Part of the brain which contains the cranial nerves and their nuclei

A

brain stem

32
Q

Long tracts of the brain stem

A

motor and somatosensory pathways. White matter tracts carrying information to and from spinal cord.

33
Q

Circuitry made up of white matter tracts connect the brain stem to what adjacent brain structure

A

cerebellum (Cerebellar Circuitry)

34
Q

Component of the brain stem with the following characteristics: Systems (cholinergic/serotinergic/dopaminergic) with widespread projections; nuclei for sleep; pain modulatory systems; motor control areas (respiration); autonomics

A

Reticular formation of the brain stem

35
Q

Lies within the posterior fossa. Forms the roof of the fourth ventricle. Integrates sensory and other inputs from brain and spinal cord.

A

Cerebellum

36
Q

Functional regions of the cerebellum (4)

A

1) lateral hemispheres (motor planning for extremities)
2) intermediate hemispheres (distal limb coordination)
3) Vermis lobe (proximal limb/trunk coordination)
4) flucculonodular lobe (balance and vestibulo-ocular reflexes)

SF2 2 (14 decks)

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