Neck Flashcards
General function of posterior compartment muscles of neck
extensors
General function of lateral compartment muscles of neck
flex neck laterally
General function of anterior compartment muscles of neck
flex head and neck
Contents of carotid sheath
1) common and internal carotid arteries
2) internal jugular vein
3) vagus nerve
Posterior to carotid sheath in lateral compartment
sympathetic chain
Innervation of sternocleidomastoid
Accessory Nerve (XI)
Innervation of Scalenus Anterior/Medius
branches of ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves
Innervation of omohyoid
ansa cervicalis nerve
Innervation of sternohyoid
ansa cervicalis nerve
Innervation of sternothyroid
ansa cervicalis nerve
Innervation of thyrohyoid
C1 via branch hitchhiking with Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)
Action of sternoclediomastoid
Flex neck (bilaterally) or rotate head to face opposite direction (unilaterally)
Action of scalenus anterior/medius
flex neck and elevate rib 1
Action of omohyoid
depress hyoid bone
Action of sternohyoid
depress hyoid bone
Action of sternothyroid
depresses thyroid cartilage, indirectly depresses hyoid bone, larynx
Action of thyrohyoid
depresses hyoid bone, elevates larynx
Two heads of sternocleidomastoid
clavicular and sternal
Torticollis
Condition caused by contracture of sternocleidomastoid; face turned to opposite side
What can be clinically-accessed between the sternal and clavicular heads of sternocleidomastoid
internal jugular vein
Palpated in anterior triangle below cricoid cartilage, medial to sternocleidomastoid
thyroid gland
Location of deep cervical chain of lymph nodes
deep to sternocleidomastoid
Lateral neck mass (what is it and where)
branchial cyst located anterior to sternocleidomastoid
Midline neck mass
thyroglossal duct cysts
Courses on surface of scalenus anterior muscle
phrenic nerve
Roots of the phrenic nerve
C3-5
Two structures passing between the Scalenus Anterior and Scalenus Medius
1) brachial plexus
2) subclavian artery
Function of the suprahyoid muscles
elevate the hyoid bone
Function of the infrahyoid muscles
depress the hyoid bone
Only infrahyoid/suprahyoid bone not attaching to the body of the hyoid bone
Sternothyroid. Inserts to thyroid cartilage
Goes from hyoid bone to styloid process of temporal bone
Stylohyoid ligament
Goes from hyoid bone to thyroid cartilage
Thyrohyoid ligament
Branchial arch from which lesser horn and upper half of body of hyoid bone are derived
second
Branchial arch from which greater horn and lower half of body of hyoid bone are derived
third
Embryological origin of two bellies of digastric muscle
first and second branchial arch
Action of digastric muscle
Depress mandible (open mouth)
The digastric muscle inserts to the hyoid bone via…
intermediate tendon
Muscle which elevates floor of the mouth in swallowing
mylohyoid
Derived from ventral primary rami of C2-C4
cervical plexus
Ansa Cervicalis (roots/fibers)
Some fibers from C1 join those of C2 and C3
Fibers from C1 join Hypoglossal Nerve (XII) to innervate…
thyrohyoid and geniohyoid
Subclavian artery is divided into three parts by the scalenus anterior muscle. What are they?
Part 1) Medial to Scalenus Anterior
Part 2) Posterior to Scalenus Anterior
Part 3) Lateral to Scalenus Anterior
Branches from subclavian artery medial to scalenus anterior
1) vertebral artery
2) internal thoracic artery
3) thyrocervical trunk (Inferior thyroid, transverse cervical, and suprascapular arteries)
Branches from subclavian artery posterior to scalenus anterior
Costocervical Trunk. Branches into superior intercostal and deep cervical arteries
Branches from subclavian artery lateral to scalenus anterior
none lmao (goes to become axillary artery I believe)
Six branches of the external carotid artery
1) superior thyroid artery
2) ascending pharyngeal artery
3) lingual artery
4) facial artery
5) occipital artery
6) posterior auricular artery
Name of the anatomical structure at upper border of thyroid cartilage, level C4
Carotid Bifurcation
Compared to other branches of the external carotid artery, what is unique about the superior thyroid artery?
It dives down
Origin of the superior laryngeal artery
it’s a branch of the superior thyroid artery, itself from the external carotid artery
Artery arising from the carotid siphon
Opthalmic artery
Which is in the carotid sheath – External or Internal Jugular Vein?
Internal Jugular Vein
Veins joining to form retromandibular vein
superficial temporal and maxillary veins
Division of retromandibular vein which will eventually lead to the internal jugular vein
anterior division of the retromandibular vein
Division of retromandibular vein which will eventually lead to the external jugular vein
posterior division of the retromandibular vein
Anterior division of retromandibular vein joins facial vein to form what, which later drains to the internal jugular vein
common facial vein
Vein on the surface of the sternocleidomastoid
external jugular vein
Vein deep to the sternocleidomastoid
internal jugular vein
Where is the retropharyngeal space?
Between Pretracheal and Prevertebral layers
Infection from head (tonsilities) can spread to the mediastinum here
Retropharyngeal Space
Why is a retropharyngeal life threatening?
swelling can block airway
Nerve which is anterior to Scalenus Anterior and posterior to Sternocleidomastoid
Phrenic nerve
Variation in the thyroid gland which arises superiorly; attaches to hyoid bone by fibrous strand
pyramidal lobe
What nerve can be damaged in thyroid surgery
recurrent laryngeal nerve
What happens if the recurrent laryngeal nerve is damaged in thyroid surgery
Paralyzes all muscles of the larynx (except cricothyroid) on one side; patient has only hoarse voice or whisper
What needs to be avoided in a cricothyrotomy?
Large vein which can be anterior to trachea
