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SF2 2 > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

General function of posterior compartment muscles of neck

A

extensors

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2
Q

General function of lateral compartment muscles of neck

A

flex neck laterally

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3
Q

General function of anterior compartment muscles of neck

A

flex head and neck

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4
Q

Contents of carotid sheath

A

1) common and internal carotid arteries
2) internal jugular vein
3) vagus nerve

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5
Q

Posterior to carotid sheath in lateral compartment

A

sympathetic chain

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6
Q

Innervation of sternocleidomastoid

A

Accessory Nerve (XI)

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7
Q

Innervation of Scalenus Anterior/Medius

A

branches of ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves

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8
Q

Innervation of omohyoid

A

ansa cervicalis nerve

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9
Q

Innervation of sternohyoid

A

ansa cervicalis nerve

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10
Q

Innervation of sternothyroid

A

ansa cervicalis nerve

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11
Q

Innervation of thyrohyoid

A

C1 via branch hitchhiking with Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)

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12
Q

Action of sternoclediomastoid

A

Flex neck (bilaterally) or rotate head to face opposite direction (unilaterally)

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13
Q

Action of scalenus anterior/medius

A

flex neck and elevate rib 1

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14
Q

Action of omohyoid

A

depress hyoid bone

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15
Q

Action of sternohyoid

A

depress hyoid bone

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16
Q

Action of sternothyroid

A

depresses thyroid cartilage, indirectly depresses hyoid bone, larynx

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17
Q

Action of thyrohyoid

A

depresses hyoid bone, elevates larynx

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18
Q

Two heads of sternocleidomastoid

A

clavicular and sternal

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19
Q

Torticollis

A

Condition caused by contracture of sternocleidomastoid; face turned to opposite side

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20
Q

What can be clinically-accessed between the sternal and clavicular heads of sternocleidomastoid

A

internal jugular vein

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21
Q

Palpated in anterior triangle below cricoid cartilage, medial to sternocleidomastoid

A

thyroid gland

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22
Q

Location of deep cervical chain of lymph nodes

A

deep to sternocleidomastoid

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23
Q

Lateral neck mass (what is it and where)

A

branchial cyst located anterior to sternocleidomastoid

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24
Q

Midline neck mass

A

thyroglossal duct cysts

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25
Q

Courses on surface of scalenus anterior muscle

A

phrenic nerve

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26
Q

Roots of the phrenic nerve

A

C3-5

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27
Q

Two structures passing between the Scalenus Anterior and Scalenus Medius

A

1) brachial plexus

2) subclavian artery

28
Q

Function of the suprahyoid muscles

A

elevate the hyoid bone

29
Q

Function of the infrahyoid muscles

A

depress the hyoid bone

30
Q

Only infrahyoid/suprahyoid bone not attaching to the body of the hyoid bone

A

Sternothyroid. Inserts to thyroid cartilage

31
Q

Goes from hyoid bone to styloid process of temporal bone

A

Stylohyoid ligament

32
Q

Goes from hyoid bone to thyroid cartilage

A

Thyrohyoid ligament

33
Q

Branchial arch from which lesser horn and upper half of body of hyoid bone are derived

A

second

34
Q

Branchial arch from which greater horn and lower half of body of hyoid bone are derived

A

third

35
Q

Embryological origin of two bellies of digastric muscle

A

first and second branchial arch

36
Q

Action of digastric muscle

A

Depress mandible (open mouth)

37
Q

The digastric muscle inserts to the hyoid bone via…

A

intermediate tendon

38
Q

Muscle which elevates floor of the mouth in swallowing

A

mylohyoid

39
Q

Derived from ventral primary rami of C2-C4

A

cervical plexus

40
Q

Ansa Cervicalis (roots/fibers)

A

Some fibers from C1 join those of C2 and C3

41
Q

Fibers from C1 join Hypoglossal Nerve (XII) to innervate…

A

thyrohyoid and geniohyoid

42
Q

Subclavian artery is divided into three parts by the scalenus anterior muscle. What are they?

A

Part 1) Medial to Scalenus Anterior
Part 2) Posterior to Scalenus Anterior
Part 3) Lateral to Scalenus Anterior

43
Q

Branches from subclavian artery medial to scalenus anterior

A

1) vertebral artery
2) internal thoracic artery
3) thyrocervical trunk (Inferior thyroid, transverse cervical, and suprascapular arteries)

44
Q

Branches from subclavian artery posterior to scalenus anterior

A

Costocervical Trunk. Branches into superior intercostal and deep cervical arteries

45
Q

Branches from subclavian artery lateral to scalenus anterior

A

none lmao (goes to become axillary artery I believe)

46
Q

Six branches of the external carotid artery

A

1) superior thyroid artery
2) ascending pharyngeal artery
3) lingual artery
4) facial artery
5) occipital artery
6) posterior auricular artery

47
Q

Name of the anatomical structure at upper border of thyroid cartilage, level C4

A

Carotid Bifurcation

48
Q

Compared to other branches of the external carotid artery, what is unique about the superior thyroid artery?

A

It dives down

49
Q

Origin of the superior laryngeal artery

A

it’s a branch of the superior thyroid artery, itself from the external carotid artery

50
Q

Artery arising from the carotid siphon

A

Opthalmic artery

51
Q

Which is in the carotid sheath – External or Internal Jugular Vein?

A

Internal Jugular Vein

52
Q

Veins joining to form retromandibular vein

A

superficial temporal and maxillary veins

53
Q

Division of retromandibular vein which will eventually lead to the internal jugular vein

A

anterior division of the retromandibular vein

54
Q

Division of retromandibular vein which will eventually lead to the external jugular vein

A

posterior division of the retromandibular vein

55
Q

Anterior division of retromandibular vein joins facial vein to form what, which later drains to the internal jugular vein

A

common facial vein

56
Q

Vein on the surface of the sternocleidomastoid

A

external jugular vein

57
Q

Vein deep to the sternocleidomastoid

A

internal jugular vein

58
Q

Where is the retropharyngeal space?

A

Between Pretracheal and Prevertebral layers

59
Q

Infection from head (tonsilities) can spread to the mediastinum here

A

Retropharyngeal Space

60
Q

Why is a retropharyngeal life threatening?

A

swelling can block airway

61
Q

Nerve which is anterior to Scalenus Anterior and posterior to Sternocleidomastoid

A

Phrenic nerve

62
Q

Variation in the thyroid gland which arises superiorly; attaches to hyoid bone by fibrous strand

A

pyramidal lobe

63
Q

What nerve can be damaged in thyroid surgery

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

64
Q

What happens if the recurrent laryngeal nerve is damaged in thyroid surgery

A

Paralyzes all muscles of the larynx (except cricothyroid) on one side; patient has only hoarse voice or whisper

65
Q

What needs to be avoided in a cricothyrotomy?

A

Large vein which can be anterior to trachea

SF2 2 (14 decks)

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