Yr5 PACES Flashcards
Key Points in Obs Hx
Screen: PV bleeding/discharge, pain, fetal movements, rhesus status, ROM, PET, urinary/bowel, FLAWS, PSHx
Current + Past
ICE + Social Hx
Key Points in Gynae Hx
Screen: PV bleeding/discharge, pain, any chance preg, urinary/bowel, FLAWS, PSHx
MOSS: menstrual, obstetric, sexual, smear
ICE + Social Hx
Key Points in Paeds Hx
PC SVR Birth Feeding Growth Development Allergies Immunisations School Life Social Worker Siblings
Key Points in Psych Hx
Affective Psychotic Organic Flaws Tremor Risk ICE PMHx PPHx DHx SHx Forensic Premorbid
What are classic ix you don’t want to miss for each speciality?
Hx: ICE/SHx/Collateral, Exam, Obvs, Bloods, Imaging
Obs: bimanual, speculum, CTG
Gynae: preg test, speculum, TVUS
Paeds: red book, pews score, urine dipstick, involve parents/school, safetynet/FU
Psych: questionnaires eg PHQ-9 and GAD-7, rule out organics eg urine tox screen, ECG
Where can you signpost the pt if they’re having difficulty w employment/landlord?
Citizens Advice
What do you always forget to do whilst counselling?
Check to see their prior knowledge on the dx
How do you categorise any mx plan?
Conservative Medical Surgical Educate Senior/MDT Safetynet/FU
O+G: What is the general structure to obs mx?
Preconception eg counselling, antenatal, delivery, postnatal eg F/U and any long term risks
O+G: How are the trimesters divided?
T1: 0-12
T2: 12-26
T3: 26-37
O+G: What is included in the booking bloods?
BP GDM FBC ABO RhD IDA HIV Hep B Syphilis Sickle Cell Thalassemia
O+G: What is used to date the preg during scans in 1st/2nd trimester?
CRL 10-14wks + HC 14-20wks
O+G: When is CVS and amniocentesis performed?
CVS 11-14wks
Amniocentesis 15-20wks
O+G: How do you interpret a CTG?
DR C BRAVADO
Define Risk Contractions Baseline Rate: 110-160 bpm Variability: b/w 5-25 bpm Accelerations: >15bpm >15s ✅ Decelerations: >15bpm >15s ❌ Overall Impression
Variable Dec - Cord Compression
Late Dec - Fetal Distress
O+G: How to examine the pregnant abdomen?
Inspect: general, hands, face, closer
Palpate: nine segments, uterus border, fetal lie, presentation, engagement, SFH
Complete: fetal heartbeat w Pinard/Doppler over ant shoulder, BP, urinalysis, speculum, TAUS
O+G: Which medications are teratogenic?
Triptans Epileptics Retinoid ACEi/ARB Third Element OCP Warfarin Alcohol
O+G: What do you need to give mum if delivery is <34wks?
At least 24hrs before delivery steroids + MgSO4
Steroids: lung maturation - 12mg IM bethamethasone x2 w 12-24hrs apart
MgSO4: neuroprotection - 4g IV loading followed by 1g/hr IV maintenance and maternal obs/reflexes monitoring
Temp: optimise metabolic rate - ensure baby stays warm
O+G: What is the mechanism of labour?
Engagement OT Descent + Flexion Internal Rotation OA Delivery of Head Restitution of Shoulders External Rotation OT Expulsion
O+G: What is the order of manoeuvres for shoulder dystocia + breech px?
SD: senior help, McRobert’s and suprapubic pressure, consider episiotomy, Rubins/Woods, turn pt to all fours, consider symphysiotomy/cleidotomy
Breech: ECV, consider ELCS, if SVD hands off approach, Pinard, Lovesets, Mauriceau-Smellie-Veit, forceps
O+G: Shoulder Dystocia RFs
Big Mum, Big Baby, Prolonged Labour
O+G: Breech Px RFs
Maternal: grand multiparity, placental/uterine abnormalities, obstrc lower segement eg fibroids or pelvic abnormalities
Foetal: multiple pregnancy, oligo/polyhydramnios, prematurity
O+G: How would you explain ECV?
Bloods: FBC, U+Es, G+S, XM, clotting
Procedure: 1/2 are successful, before/after CTG, offer tocolysis, positioned slight head down, experienced clinician applies pressure
Benefits: avoid c/s and it’s comps
Risks: placental abruption, PROM, EMCS
CIs: c/s required, abnormal CTG, APH within 7d, ruptured membranes, multiple pregnancy, major uterine anomaly
O+G: How do you explain a colposcopy?
After an abnormal smear result colposcopy is performed to follow it up which usually takes 10-15mins
We use the speculum first to have a closer look at the neck of the womb which will involve you lying on your back with your legs up and a chaperone will be available if you wish
The most you will feel is a bit of cold with the solution and a small pinch with the biopsy
It can be done at any point in the menstrual cycle but you should reschedule if you have heavy bleeding on the day and we need to know if you could be pregnant
If solution was used you may have a couple days of brown discharge and following a biopsy do not use cream/tampons/have sex for 48hrs
If heavy bleeding, lasts >7d, foul smelling discharge, pelvic pain that does not improve w ibuprofen, temp >38° come back to us
O+G: SGA vs IUGR
We screen using SFH +/- 2cm and perform growth scans: skip to scan if multiple preg, polyhydramnios, fibroids, BMI >35
SGA: constitutionally small where AC <=10th centile for GA eg if have small parents
IUGR: subset which is abnormal where there is red growth rate