Youth Culture

Question 1

What is the definition of Youth culture?

Answer 1

The way adolescents live and the norms, values and practises they share.

Question 2

What is the definition of counter culture?

Answer 2

A way of life and set of attitudes opposed to or at variance with the prevailing social norm.

Question 3

What is the definition of peer group?

Answer 3

A group of people who share similar interests and of a similar age.

Question 4

What is the definition of adolescence?

Answer 4

The period following the onset of puberty during which a young person develops from a child into an adult.

Question 5

What is the definition of globalisation?

Answer 5

The process by which businesses or other organisations develop international influence or staff operated on an international scale.

Question 6

What is the theory of functionalism?

Answer 6

The theory that all aspects of a society serve a function and are necessary for the survival of that society.

Question 7

Summarise the key sociologists of functionalism.

Answer 7

Parsons- Young people tried to detach themselves from their parents and achieve their own independence.

Eisenstaedt- That youth is a time of stress and anxiety caused by the changing norms of becoming an adult so young people rely on each other binding them together.

Roszak- Generation gap between young and old was huge.

Albert Cohen- Recognises the class divisions in youth culture.

Question 8

What is the definition of Marxism?

Answer 8

The politician and economic theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, later developed by their followers to form the basis of communism.

Question 9

What certain characteristics do Marxists agree youth cultures share?

Answer 9

They are a form of resistance against capitalism and they exaggerate working class values.

Question 10

Who studied the Teddy Boys?

Answer 10

Hall and Jefferson (1976)

Question 11

Who studied the Skin Heads?

Answer 11

Cohen (1972) and Clark (1976)

Question 12

Who studied the Punks?

Answer 12

Hebdige (1979)

Question 13

What was Hall and Jeffersons theory?

Answer 13

That Teddy Boys style was an expression of contempt on middle- class values.

Question 14

What was Phil Cohens theory?

Answer 14

That Skin Heads were racist to preserve their traditional but threatened working- class identity.

Question 15

What was Hebdige’s theory?

Answer 15

That Punks were a response to the dominances of the media, fashion and music industry.

Question 16

What was Brakes theory about youth culture?

Answer 16

Being a member of a youth culture allows people to believe that they will be different from their parents generation.

Question 17

What was McRobbie and Garber’s theory?

Answer 17

Bedroom culture- girls are pushed to the margins of subcultures.

Question 18

What was Thornton’s theory?

Answer 18

Subculture capital

Question 19

What was Holland’s theory?

Answer 19

Changing roles of females in subcultures- girl power made girls ore visible through the media and resulted in sexualised females.

Question 20

What is Reddington’s theory?

Answer 20

Participation of girls in subcultures was ignored by sociologists.

Question 21

What is Archer’s theory?

Answer 21

Women feeling empowered let to girl gangs and lad culture.

Question 22

What is Osgerby’s theory?

Answer 22

Compared to the 1950’s men did not feel the need to be chivalrous but instead became controlling.

Question 23

What is the definition of interactionism?

Answer 23

Theoretical perspective that derives social processes from human interaction.

Question 24

What are neo tribes?

Answer 24

A wide range of groupings untitled by shared tastes and styles.

Question 25

What is Maffesoli’s theory?

Answer 25

Subcultures no longer exist and have now been replaced by neo- tribes. (Football supporters)

Question 26

What is Bennett’s theory?

Answer 26

Found no evidence of subcultures instead found a loose, fluid and relatively short term youth grouping based on fashion and lifestyle not shared values. (Directioners)

Question 27

What is Luke and Luke’s theory?

Answer 27

Culture is now derived from media that is global so young people take elements from the global cultures features in the media and then adapt these according to local values. (Asian music being adapted into mainstream pop music)

Question 28

What did Katz and Lyng say?

Answer 28

That the idea of crime is seductive and exciting for young people.

Question 29

What was MIPC Culture Club?

Answer 29

Clubbing culture of the 80’s/90’s shoes people were more interested in dance then anything more substantial in terms of politics and meaning. They share a collective dance experience regardless of class, gender or ethnicity.

Question 30

What happened to Hippies after labelling from the police?

Answer 30

They saw themselves as outsiders and developed deviant subculture who wore longer hair, more crazy clothes and made drugs more central.

Question 31

What did Jock Young study?

Answer 31

Hippies

Question 32

What is a folk devil?

Answer 32

A person or group of people who the media portrays as outsiders or deviant.

Question 33

What does deviancy amplification mean?

Answer 33

The more the police react the more they push the behaviour underground, and the more extreme it gets.

Question 34

What did Stanley Cohen observe?

Answer 34

That to relieve boredom mods and rockets scuffled on the streets.

Question 35

What did Fawbert study?

Answer 35

That the rise in hoodies worn by teenagers increased and made the public uncomfortable.

Question 36

What is a moral panic?

Answer 36

Panic from the media.