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AS Level Sociology > Research Methods > Flashcards

Research Methods Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Advantages of questionnaires

A

Quick and cheap

Standardised so can identify patterns

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2
Q

Advantages of structured interview

A

Allows interviewer to clarify anything participants do not understand

Standardised and reliable

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3
Q

Advantages of unstructured interview

A

Detailed answers where participants can fully explain themselves

Telling truth by body language

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4
Q

Advantages of semi- structured interview

A

Participants can fully explain themselves and check their understanding

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5
Q

Advantages of focus group

A

More informative and revealing

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6
Q

Advantages of non- participant observation

A

Quantitative data as can measure behaviour and not distracted by involvement

Does not rely on participants answering questions honestly as data records what actually happens in context

Researcher less likely to be involved in illegal behaviour

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7
Q

Advantages of official statistics

A

Can see if patterns and trends change over time

International comparisons

Sample collected by government greater than what a sociologist could access

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8
Q

Advantages of personal documents

A

Not affected by memory

Not expensive

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9
Q

Advantages of mass media

A

Collects both qualitative and quantitative data

Not expensive

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10
Q

Advantages of random sampling

A

Not bias

Quick and easy

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11
Q

Advantages of stratified sampling

A

Representative data

No bias

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12
Q

Advantages of quota sampling

A

Representative sample

Quick and easy

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13
Q

Advantages of systematic sampling

A

Not bias

Representative data

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14
Q

Advantages of snowball sampling

A

Convenient for studies with no sampling frame and difficult to access groups

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15
Q

Advantages of volunteer sampling

A

Less likely to drop out

Little chance of bias

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16
Q

Advantages of opportunity sampling

A

Easy and convenient

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17
Q

Disadvantages of questionnaires

A

Cannot respond in detail and fully explain themselves

Not all participants interpret data the same way

18
Q

Disadvantages of structured interview

A

Participants cannot fully explain themselves

Bias

19
Q

Disadvantages of unstructured interview

A

Take longer to complete affecting sample size

Bias

Interviewers personal characteristics can influence the interviewer

20
Q

Disadvantages of semi- structured interview

A

Not reliable as not standardised enough

Bias

21
Q

Disadvantages of focus group

A

Group moderator needs to be highly skilled

22
Q

Disadvantages of non- participant observation

A

Hawthorne Effect

Researcher cannot fully understand participants behaviour

23
Q

Disadvantages of official statistics

A

Does not explain why something happened

Data collection cannot be controlled

Data not collected with sociologists research in kind so may not correspond with what they are interested in

24
Q

Disadvantages of personal documents

A

Misinterpretations

Not always representative

25
Q

Disadvantages of mass media

A

Data not collected with sociologists research in kind so may not correspond with what they are interested in

Bias

26
Q

Disadvantages of random sampling

A

Not always representative

Does not work well when sampling frames do not exist

27
Q

Disadvantages of stratified sampling

A

Practical time issues

Does not work well for studies where sampling frames do not exist

28
Q

Disadvantages of quota sampling

A

Bias not representative of all groups

Similar social circles

29
Q

Disadvantages of systemic sampling

A

Needs complex software

Not always representative due to chance

30
Q

Disadvantages of snowball sampling

A

Unlikely to be representative because of similar social circles

Takes time as relies on gatekeeper

31
Q

Disadvantages of volunteer sampling

A

Not representative as attracts certain people

Difficulty finding people and if small sample cannot be generalised

32
Q

Disadvantages of opportunity sampling

A

Bias

Unlikely to be representative because of similar social circles

33
Q

Example of questionnaire

A

Sullivan

34
Q

Example of structured interview

A

Crime survey

35
Q

Example of unstructured interview

A

Willis

36
Q

Example of semi- structured interview

A

Rate

37
Q

Example of focus group

A

Willis

38
Q

Example of non-participant observation

A

Humphries

39
Q

Example of official statistics

A

Durkheim

40
Q

Example of personal documents

A

Hudson and Bramhall

41
Q

Example of mass media

A

Fawbert

AS Level Sociology (7 decks)

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