Social Class And Achievement

Question 1

What are the Smith and Noble 3 barriers to learning?

Answer 1

If people can’t afford uniforms etc. they could fall behind and not want to attend.

Cannot afford computers at home.

Marketisation of schools mean they were will be better- resourced, over- subscribed schools that socially disadvantaged children cannot go to.

Question 2

What is Howard’s theory?

Answer 2

That poor nutrition effects health which can result in absences from school.

Question 3

What is Diana Reay’s theory?

Answer 3

Working class students may have to go to closer universities because of lack of finance which could end up giving them a worse education.

Question 4

What is Sugarman’s theory?

Answer 4

Argues that middle class and working class are divided in their values including ideas of gratification.

Question 5

What is Feinstein’s theory?

Answer 5

That working- class parents parents’ lack of interest was the main reason for their children’s under- achievements.

Question 6

What is material deprivation?

Answer 6

Poverty and a lack of material necessities.

Question 7

What is cultural deprivation?

Answer 7

Functionalist and New Right view that blames lack of parenting skills for educational underachievement.

(Douglas, Feinstein, Sugarman, Murray)

Question 8

What is cultural capital?

Answer 8

That parents transmit knowledge that encourages development in their children. Marxist approach that working classes are at a disadvantage.

(Bourdieu, Ball, Sullivan)

Question 9

What is Language?

Answer 9

A Marxist approach that looks at Language code used in schools that favours a middle class child.

(Bernstein)