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Block 3 Biochem > Younger Transcription > Flashcards

Younger Transcription Flashcards

1
Q

Enzyme responsible/ involved in making transcript.

A

RNA polymerase

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2
Q

True/False: RNA polymerase doesn’t need a primer.

A

True

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3
Q

RNA polymerase reads template strand from __ to __.

A

3’ to 5’

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4
Q

RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA transcript from __ to __ using ribonucleotides (NTPs)

A

5’ to 3’

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5
Q

True/False: RNA polymerase recognizes termination signals.

A

True

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6
Q

DNA coding strand base sequence is identical to the RNA transcript sequence, except RNA has what?

A

RNA has U’s instead of T’s

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7
Q

Determine template strand and mRNA of ATGGGGCTCAGCGAC

A

template: TACCCCGAGTCGCTG (complimentary)
mRNA: AUGGGGCUCAGCGAC (same except U for T)

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8
Q

What is the role of the sigma factor?

A

identifying promoter sequences on DNA and recruits core enzyme into proximity and dissociates from the core enzyme after transcription begins

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9
Q

True/False: Sigma factor can turn on any gene that it wants to.

A

False: Not every gene can be turned on by a single sigma factor… Different sigma factors recognize different types of promoter sequences

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10
Q

What are the 2 consensus sequences that are recognized by sigma factor?

A 
TATA box (-7 nucleotides upstream)
-35 sequence
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11
Q

Scanning and recognizing of promoter sequence cues by the holoenzyme trigger _____________.

A

Transcription initiation

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12
Q

Another name for TATA box is?

A

Pribnow box

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13
Q

Pyrophosphate is further cleaved in irreversible reaction by what enzyme?
2 high energy bonds are cleaved

A

Pyrophosphatase

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14
Q

Rho-dependent termination requires ________

A

an additional protein

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15
Q

Prokaryotic mRNAs can be ________ (ie one mRNA can code for several proteins)

A

polycistronic

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16
Q

Shine dalgarno sequence does what?

A

Start site for translation… Ribosome recognizes this 5’ UTR region

17
Q

Eukaryotic mRNAs are ALWAYS _________.

A

Monocistronic

18
Q

This is an antibiotic that prevents transcription initiation/elongation by binding to RNA polymerase which used to treat tuberculosis. (THIS WILL BE A QUESTION)

A

Rifampin

19
Q

Eukaryotic DNA is highly condensed and is called?

A

Chromatin

20
Q

What is the less condensed form of DNA and is more accessible to RNA polymerases (thus more transcripts)

A

Euchromatin

21
Q

One of the things that distinguishes phenotypes among twins are based on epigenetics that is from what?

A

Methylation of DNA

22
Q

each polymerase transcribes precursors to what???
RNA polymerase I
RNA polymerase II
RNA polymerase III

A

1- rRNA
2-hnRNA (precursor to mRNA)
3-tRNA

23
Q

RNA pol II recognizes what two consensus sequences?

A 
TATA box (-25)
CAAT box (-70)
24
Q

rRNA synthesis: 3 rRNAs are transcribed as a single large precursor by

A

RNA pol I in the nucleolus

25
Q

Individual rRNAs are cleaved apart by what?

A

RNases

26
Q

What are the major differences of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes in RNA synthesis.

A

Promoter region in Eukaryotes has a CAAT box

Eukaryotes have exons and introns

27
Q

WHat does the 3’ poly A tail do?

A

helping release transcript from the ribosome

28
Q

WHat does the 5’ capping at the end of mRNA do?

A

Serves as a ribosome recognition signal and stabililzes mRNA

29
Q

What is the removal of introns and the joining of exons by snRNPs?

A

Splicing

30
Q

_____ are composed of snRNAs, they from a lariat (loop), it gets clipped out and join the exons.

A

snRNPs

31
Q

What is the excised intron?

A

Lariat

32
Q

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that recognize host proteins, including snRNPs… When/ who is it often observed in?

A

Late-teen females

33
Q

Amanita phalloides- the death cap mushroom has Alpha-amanitin- which does what?

A

Alpha-amanitin binds to RNA and polymerase-II inhibits mRNA synthesis.

Block 3 Biochem (10 decks)

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