Apoptosis & Necrosis (younger)

Question 1

Name two general forms of cell death:

Answer 1

Apoptosis and Necrosis

Question 2

Programmed cell death

Answer 2

Apoptosis

Question 3

Apoptosis:

Two examples when you would expect to see Physiological apoptosis:

Answer 3

During Embryonic development

During Immune system development

Question 4

Apoptosis:

Two examples when you would expect to see Pathological apoptosis:

Answer 4

Triggered by Immune system cells- response to cell infection

Self induced- due to defective function, developing cytotoxicity

Question 5

A series of Morphological changes during cell death after lethal damage… more uncontrolled/ staged

Answer 5

Necrosis

Question 6

True/False: Necrosis is always pathological.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Necrosis:

Two examples when you would expect to see Pathological apoptosis:

Answer 7

Staged cell death due to unintended damage
Involves:
-Disruption of metabolic processes
-Cellular component denaturation
-Loss of membrane integrity and release of cellular components to surroundings

Question 8

What is an example of: Phylogenic organism development programs use programmed cell death as a means of removing unwanted cells: tissue between fingers and toes.

Answer 8

Apoptosis- During embryonic development

Question 9

T-lymphocytes (T-cells) are tested against self antigens, if they recognize and undergo apoptosis to remove their-selves from the lineage… This is an example of what?

Answer 9

apoptosis Immune system development

Question 10

If you have a virus inside a cell, you don’t want it to stay in there because the cell will divide and replicate the virus… What helps with this?

Answer 10

Apoptosis

Question 11

What are the 3 pathways/mechanisms that elicit apoptosis?

Answer 11

Intrinsic
Extrinsic
AIF-Apoptosis-Inducing Factor

Question 12

Cell is itself triggering its apoptotic programming.

Initiated by interior signaling due to irreparable, irreversible DNA damage.

Answer 12

Intrinsic

Question 13

Initiated by exterior signals due to indications of damage or infection.

Answer 13

Extrinsic

Question 14

What are some signals that turn on the Intrinsic pathway.

Answer 14

Severe cell stress

Pro-apoptotic proteins from nucleolus and mitochondria activate caspase cascade.

Question 15

_______ destroy proteins and other molecules with in the cell in INtrinsic pathway.

Answer 15

Caspases

Question 16

Cell begins to bleb into _______.

Answer 16

Vesicles

Question 17

_________ cells engulf and digest the blebbed vesicles.

Answer 17

Phagocytic

Question 18

_____ or ____ induced activation of death domain proteins.

Answer 18

T-cell or TNFalpha

Question 19

True/False: Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic pathways only really differ in how they are triggered.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

AIF is in the __________.

Answer 20

Mitochondria

Question 21

AIF leaves the mitochondria, passes through cytosol into the nucleus where it causes _______________.

Answer 21

Chromosome condensation

Question 22

AIF is a caspase-_________ form of Apoptosis.

Answer 22

independent

Question 23

True/False: Intrinsic, extrinsic, and AIF all use caspases.(important)

Answer 23

False: know that only intrinsic and extrinsic pathways use are caspase dependent.

Question 24

What are some examples of staged cell death due to unintended damage?

Answer 24

Trauma
Toxins
Infection
Ischemia
Radiation
Heat/Cold

Question 25

Necrosis involves a complete breakdown of cellular process. What are some metabolic processes that are lost?

Answer 25

TCA and ETS/Glycolysis aren’t working so there is more lactic acid build up

Question 26

Increasing lactic acid does what during cellular denaturation?

Answer 26

Increasing lactic acid drives pH down denaturing proteins.

Question 27

Necrosis

Answer 27

Massive inflammatory response due to death of cells kind of randomly.

Question 28

IN areas of inflammation why can you see development of cancer?

Answer 28

loss of all cellular functions results in the release of many cellular components.
T-cells can’t kill cells, and apoptosis

Question 29

________ is good, ______ is bad.

Answer 29

Apoptosis= good
Necrosis= bad