Apoptosis & Necrosis (younger) Flashcards
Name two general forms of cell death:
Apoptosis and Necrosis
Programmed cell death
Apoptosis
Apoptosis:
Two examples when you would expect to see Physiological apoptosis:
During Embryonic development
During Immune system development
Apoptosis:
Two examples when you would expect to see Pathological apoptosis:
Triggered by Immune system cells- response to cell infection
Self induced- due to defective function, developing cytotoxicity
A series of Morphological changes during cell death after lethal damage… more uncontrolled/ staged
Necrosis
True/False: Necrosis is always pathological.
True
Necrosis:
Two examples when you would expect to see Pathological apoptosis:
Staged cell death due to unintended damage
Involves:
-Disruption of metabolic processes
-Cellular component denaturation
-Loss of membrane integrity and release of cellular components to surroundings
What is an example of: Phylogenic organism development programs use programmed cell death as a means of removing unwanted cells: tissue between fingers and toes.
Apoptosis- During embryonic development
T-lymphocytes (T-cells) are tested against self antigens, if they recognize and undergo apoptosis to remove their-selves from the lineage… This is an example of what?
apoptosis Immune system development
If you have a virus inside a cell, you don’t want it to stay in there because the cell will divide and replicate the virus… What helps with this?
Apoptosis
What are the 3 pathways/mechanisms that elicit apoptosis?
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
AIF-Apoptosis-Inducing Factor
Cell is itself triggering its apoptotic programming.
Initiated by interior signaling due to irreparable, irreversible DNA damage.
Intrinsic
Initiated by exterior signals due to indications of damage or infection.
Extrinsic
What are some signals that turn on the Intrinsic pathway.
Severe cell stress
Pro-apoptotic proteins from nucleolus and mitochondria activate caspase cascade.
_______ destroy proteins and other molecules with in the cell in INtrinsic pathway.
Caspases
Cell begins to bleb into _______.
Vesicles
_________ cells engulf and digest the blebbed vesicles.
Phagocytic
_____ or ____ induced activation of death domain proteins.
T-cell or TNFalpha
True/False: Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic pathways only really differ in how they are triggered.
True
AIF is in the __________.
Mitochondria
AIF leaves the mitochondria, passes through cytosol into the nucleus where it causes _______________.
Chromosome condensation
AIF is a caspase-_________ form of Apoptosis.
independent
True/False: Intrinsic, extrinsic, and AIF all use caspases.(important)
False: know that only intrinsic and extrinsic pathways use are caspase dependent.
What are some examples of staged cell death due to unintended damage?
Trauma Toxins Infection Ischemia Radiation Heat/Cold
