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Block 3 Biochem > nucleic Acids (younger) > Flashcards

nucleic Acids (younger) Flashcards

1
Q

Central DOgma

A

DNA—-Transcription—-> RNA——–Translation——-> Protein

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2
Q

Which 5 carbon sugar has OH at carbon 2?

WILL BE A QUESTION

A

Ribose (RNA)

DNA has no oxygen on carbon 2!

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3
Q

What are purines and what are Pyrimidines?

A 
CUT PY (Cytosine, Uracil, Thymine: 2rings)
AG PU (Adenine, Guanine: 2 rings)
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4
Q

Carbon 1 has a covalent linkage via a _________ bond.

A

Glycosidic

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5
Q

What do you find on the 5’ end of DNA?

A

Phosphate group

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6
Q

What do you find on the 3’ end of DNA?

A

OH group

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7
Q

DNA is a _____ molecule with a 5’ and a 3’ end.

A

polar

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8
Q

Nucleotides are joined by _________ bonds.

A

phosphodiester

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9
Q

Bases are linked via _________ bonds.

A

glycosidic

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10
Q

DNA is always written from ___’ to ___’.

A

5’ to 3’

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11
Q

DNA is base paired in opposite directions, is called what?

A

Antiparallel

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12
Q

A::T base pairing has how many H bonds?
C::G base paring has how many H bonds?

A

2H bonds connecting complementary strands

3H bonds connecting complementary strands

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13
Q

Which of the following is a complementary strand of: AGATCGAC?

A

3’-TCTAGCTG-5’

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14
Q

Chargaff’s rules

A

A+T+C+G= 100%

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15
Q

If a sample of DNA has G=10% what is the percent composition of T?

A 
G=10% and C=10%
G+C= 20%
100-20= 80%
A+T= 80%
T=40%
A=40%
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16
Q

Is the backbone of DNA hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

A

Hydrophilic

17
Q

Base pairing in center of the molecule is hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

A

Hydrophobic

18
Q

SInce DNA has a hydrophilic and hydrophobic part it is considered ________.

A

Amphipathic

19
Q

Is Tm higher with GC content or AT content.

A

Higher with GC content

20
Q

If DNA has much higher AT content then will the melting temperature be higher or lower?

A

Lower

21
Q

If the DNA is allowed to cool, the H bonds will reform and the DNA will _________.

A

Renature/ Reanneal

22
Q

True/False: If you have a double stranded DNA and you melt it/ denature it and let it cool/ renature the DNA will make another complimentary double stranded DNA.

A

True

23
Q

DNA ________ (enzyme) has the ability to make relaxed DNA into a negatively supercoiled DNA.

A

DNA Gyrase (Topoisomerase II)

24
Q

_______ function as antibiotics but in high concentrations are toxic.

A

Quinolones

25
Q

_____ is a histone that helps condense nucleosomes to a more condensed form.

A

H1

26
Q

DNA is wound around the _______ octamer to form a nucleosome.

A

histone

27
Q

What are beads on a string?

A

Unwound nucleosomes

28
Q

Name some differences of DNA and RNA

A 
DNA-Deoxyribose RNA- ribose
DNA-Thymine RNA- URacil
DNA- DOuble stranded RNA-single-stranded
RNA can base pair back on itself
RNA smaller than DNA
DNA stores permenant genetic information, RNA is used to express genetic info
29
Q

3 types of RNA

A

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

30
Q

What end of Eukaryotic mRNA contains poly-A tail?

A

3’ terminus (50-200 adenine residues long)

31
Q

What are the 3 regions of all mRNAs

A

5’ untranslated region
3’ untranslated region
coding region

32
Q

What end contains a m7G-cap structure?

A

5’ terminus

33
Q

What are the size of the subunits of a Eukaryotic ribosome?

A

80S ribosome

60S (large) and 40S (small)

34
Q

What are the size of the subunits involved with a Prokaryotic Ribosome?

A

70S ribosome

50S (large) and 30S (small)

35
Q

WHat does the CCA-3’ terminus do?

A

It is an amino acid attachment site

36
Q

Theses are heterogeneous nuclear RNA, also called pre-mRNA represents mRNA in various stages of processing in the nucleus of eukaryotes

A

hnRNA

37
Q

These are small nuclear RNAs, only in the nucleus of eukaryotes, combine with certain proteins to form snRNPs

A

snRNAs

38
Q

THese are RNAs that act as enzymes

A

Ribozymes

Block 3 Biochem (10 decks)

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