nucleic Acids (younger)

Question 1

Central DOgma

Answer 1

DNA—-Transcription—-> RNA——–Translation——-> Protein

Question 2

Which 5 carbon sugar has OH at carbon 2?

WILL BE A QUESTION

Answer 2

Ribose (RNA)

DNA has no oxygen on carbon 2!

Question 3

What are purines and what are Pyrimidines?

Answer 3

CUT PY (Cytosine, Uracil, Thymine: 2rings)
AG PU (Adenine, Guanine: 2 rings)

Question 4

Carbon 1 has a covalent linkage via a _________ bond.

Answer 4

Glycosidic

Question 5

What do you find on the 5’ end of DNA?

Answer 5

Phosphate group

Question 6

What do you find on the 3’ end of DNA?

Answer 6

OH group

Question 7

DNA is a _____ molecule with a 5’ and a 3’ end.

Answer 7

polar

Question 8

Nucleotides are joined by _________ bonds.

Answer 8

phosphodiester

Question 9

Bases are linked via _________ bonds.

Answer 9

glycosidic

Question 10

DNA is always written from ___’ to ___’.

Answer 10

5’ to 3’

Question 11

DNA is base paired in opposite directions, is called what?

Answer 11

Antiparallel

Question 12

A::T base pairing has how many H bonds?
C::G base paring has how many H bonds?

Answer 12

2H bonds connecting complementary strands

3H bonds connecting complementary strands

Question 13

Which of the following is a complementary strand of: AGATCGAC?

Answer 13

3’-TCTAGCTG-5’

Question 14

Chargaff’s rules

Answer 14

A+T+C+G= 100%

Question 15

If a sample of DNA has G=10% what is the percent composition of T?

Answer 15

G=10% and C=10%
G+C= 20%
100-20= 80%
A+T= 80%
T=40%
A=40%

Question 16

Is the backbone of DNA hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Answer 16

Hydrophilic

Question 17

Base pairing in center of the molecule is hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Answer 17

Hydrophobic

Question 18

SInce DNA has a hydrophilic and hydrophobic part it is considered ________.

Answer 18

Amphipathic

Question 19

Is Tm higher with GC content or AT content.

Answer 19

Higher with GC content

Question 20

If DNA has much higher AT content then will the melting temperature be higher or lower?

Answer 20

Lower

Question 21

If the DNA is allowed to cool, the H bonds will reform and the DNA will _________.

Answer 21

Renature/ Reanneal

Question 22

True/False: If you have a double stranded DNA and you melt it/ denature it and let it cool/ renature the DNA will make another complimentary double stranded DNA.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

DNA ________ (enzyme) has the ability to make relaxed DNA into a negatively supercoiled DNA.

Answer 23

DNA Gyrase (Topoisomerase II)

Question 24

_______ function as antibiotics but in high concentrations are toxic.

Answer 24

Quinolones

Question 25

_____ is a histone that helps condense nucleosomes to a more condensed form.

Answer 25

H1

Question 26

DNA is wound around the _______ octamer to form a nucleosome.

Answer 26

histone

Question 27

What are beads on a string?

Answer 27

Unwound nucleosomes

Question 28

Name some differences of DNA and RNA

Answer 28

``` DNA-Deoxyribose RNA- ribose DNA-Thymine RNA- URacil DNA- DOuble stranded RNA-single-stranded RNA can base pair back on itself RNA smaller than DNA DNA stores permenant genetic information, RNA is used to express genetic info ```

Question 29

3 types of RNA

Answer 29

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Question 30

What end of Eukaryotic mRNA contains poly-A tail?

Answer 30

3' terminus (50-200 adenine residues long)

Question 31

What are the 3 regions of all mRNAs

Answer 31

5' untranslated region 3' untranslated region coding region

Question 32

What end contains a m7G-cap structure?

Answer 32

5' terminus

Question 33

What are the size of the subunits of a Eukaryotic ribosome?

Answer 33

80S ribosome | 60S (large) and 40S (small)

Question 34

What are the size of the subunits involved with a Prokaryotic Ribosome?

Answer 34

70S ribosome | 50S (large) and 30S (small)

Question 35

WHat does the CCA-3' terminus do?

Answer 35

It is an amino acid attachment site

Question 36

Theses are heterogeneous nuclear RNA, also called pre-mRNA represents mRNA in various stages of processing in the nucleus of eukaryotes

Answer 36

hnRNA

Question 37

These are small nuclear RNAs, only in the nucleus of eukaryotes, combine with certain proteins to form snRNPs

Answer 37

snRNAs

Question 38

THese are RNAs that act as enzymes

Answer 38

Ribozymes