"Lets talk about drinking" the deev Flashcards
_______ is the fourth major nutrient that provides a significant amount of energy in many people.
Ethanol
Alcohol contributes significantly to ________ intake.
calorie
What enzyme breaks down ethanol?
alcohol dehydrogenase
Why do we have an enzyme like alcohol dehydrogenase?
exposure to low levels of ethanol due to fermentation developed the enzyme
What other pathway can break down alcohol?
microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) relying on cytochrome p450 enzymes.
What is toxic to us involved in ethanol metabolism?
acetaldehyde
True/False: There is no feedback regulation for ADH.
True, nothing stopping this enzyme
If ADH is saturated in heavy drinkers, _____ is turned on to break down high levels of alcohol in the blood using NADPH.
MEOS
Acetate can enter what cycle that we have talked about previously?
TCA cycle as acetyl CoA
After one drink the ADH enzyme is fully ________ and alcohol metabolism follows zero-order kinetics.
saturated
True/False: Most people metabolize ~10g of alcohol per hour, and the blood alcohol level decreases by about ~0.15 g/L every hour.
True
What genetic variation causes people to not be able to drink alcohol?
ALDH genetic variants, dominant negative
atypical ALDH
Symptoms of acetaldehyde toxicity is _________ ________..
Flushing of the face and nausea
What drug is taken by alcoholics to inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase. Why do they do this?
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
results in accumulation of acetaldehyde after ingestion of alcohol, makes them sick so they are deterred from drinking.
The other compound that has a more immediate effect on metabolism is ____.
NADH
In well fed state, what happens?
inhibit PDH complex and cause pyruvate to be converted into lactate, resulting in lactic acidosis
-also underexcretion of uric acid resulting in hyperuricemia
What happens in the fasting state during ethanol digestion?
Hypoglycemia, because glycogen stores become depleted
Liver tries to perform GNG, but pyruvate is diverted to lactate
Acetyl CoA tends to get forced into the pathway for ketone synthesis and __________ can result.
Ketoacidosis
Alcoholics suffer from ________.
Malnutrtion
What vitamin deficiencies are prevalent in alcoholics?
Folate deficiency- megaloblastic anemia
Thiamine deficiency- Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome
Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome has two conditions:
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
Korsakoff syndrome
Why is it not good to drink while pregnant?
Estrogens largely inhibit the activity of ADH. So, alcohol stays twice as long in blood supply.
