"Lets talk about drinking" the deev

Question 1

_______ is the fourth major nutrient that provides a significant amount of energy in many people.

Answer 1

Ethanol

Question 2

Alcohol contributes significantly to ________ intake.

Answer 2

calorie

Question 3

What enzyme breaks down ethanol?

Answer 3

alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 4

Why do we have an enzyme like alcohol dehydrogenase?

Answer 4

exposure to low levels of ethanol due to fermentation developed the enzyme

Question 5

What other pathway can break down alcohol?

Answer 5

microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) relying on cytochrome p450 enzymes.

Question 6

What is toxic to us involved in ethanol metabolism?

Answer 6

acetaldehyde

Question 7

True/False: There is no feedback regulation for ADH.

Answer 7

True, nothing stopping this enzyme

Question 8

If ADH is saturated in heavy drinkers, _____ is turned on to break down high levels of alcohol in the blood using NADPH.

Answer 8

MEOS

Question 9

Acetate can enter what cycle that we have talked about previously?

Answer 9

TCA cycle as acetyl CoA

Question 10

After one drink the ADH enzyme is fully ________ and alcohol metabolism follows zero-order kinetics.

Answer 10

saturated

Question 11

True/False: Most people metabolize ~10g of alcohol per hour, and the blood alcohol level decreases by about ~0.15 g/L every hour.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What genetic variation causes people to not be able to drink alcohol?

Answer 12

ALDH genetic variants, dominant negative

atypical ALDH

Question 13

Symptoms of acetaldehyde toxicity is _________ ________..

Answer 13

Flushing of the face and nausea

Question 14

What drug is taken by alcoholics to inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase. Why do they do this?

Answer 14

Disulfiram (Antabuse)

results in accumulation of acetaldehyde after ingestion of alcohol, makes them sick so they are deterred from drinking.

Question 15

The other compound that has a more immediate effect on metabolism is ____.

Answer 15

NADH

Question 16

In well fed state, what happens?

Answer 16

inhibit PDH complex and cause pyruvate to be converted into lactate, resulting in lactic acidosis
-also underexcretion of uric acid resulting in hyperuricemia

Question 17

What happens in the fasting state during ethanol digestion?

Answer 17

Hypoglycemia, because glycogen stores become depleted

Liver tries to perform GNG, but pyruvate is diverted to lactate

Question 18

Acetyl CoA tends to get forced into the pathway for ketone synthesis and __________ can result.

Answer 18

Ketoacidosis

Question 19

Alcoholics suffer from ________.

Answer 19

Malnutrtion

Question 20

What vitamin deficiencies are prevalent in alcoholics?

Answer 20

Folate deficiency- megaloblastic anemia

Thiamine deficiency- Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome

Question 21

Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome has two conditions:

Answer 21

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

Korsakoff syndrome

Question 22

Why is it not good to drink while pregnant?

Answer 22

Estrogens largely inhibit the activity of ADH. So, alcohol stays twice as long in blood supply.