yersinia, burkholderia, francisella Flashcards
what is a vector for plague?
fleas (e.g. xenopsylla cheopis)
-or through direct contact
where is tularemia most commonly reported in the US
Mississippi River basin
is yersinia pestisi a notifable disease
yes
where is yersinia pests found (location)?
worldwide
endemic in (south) western US
what are reservoirs for yersinia pestis?
rodents
how is yersinia pests transmitted?
flea bite
contact
what are the clinical manifestations/ different forms of yersinia pestis?
bubonic form
pneumonic form
septicemic form
how does the bubonic form of Y. pestis present?
-most common form
-fever, lethargy, enlarged LN
-treatable
how is the pneumonic form of Y. pestis present?
resp signs +/- septicemia
-most common route of zoonosis
how does the septicemic form of Y. pestis present?
no lymphadenopathy, fever, lethargy
-less treatable and rapidly progresses
-least common form
is yersinia pestis notifiable and if so who do you consult?
yes
-consult with county health department or CDC
how do you diagnose yersinia pestis?
PCR
culture
what is the treatment and prevention for yersinia pestis
-tetracyclines, aminoglycodises
-flea prevention
is francisella tularensis notifiable?
yes
-zoonotic agent
what are characteristics of francisella tualrensis?
gram negative
facultative intracellular bacillus
where is francisella tularensis commonly found (location)?
northern hemisphere
-mississippi/ Missouri River valley, mountain west, E/W coast
what are the reservoirs for biotype A of F. tularensis?
rabbits and rodents
what are the reservoirs for biotype B of F. tularensis?
aquatic animals
how is F. tularensis transmitted?
aerosol (mowing dead rodents)
direct contact
ingestion
ticks
what are signs of infection of F. tularensis in sheep and other mammals?
-septicemia (fever, lethargy)
-cough
-white foci necrosis in liver and spleen
what is the diagnosis of F. tularensis?
-exposure to wild rabbits/rodents/ticks
-culture (notify lab)
-PCR
-notify state/county health department
treatment and prevention for F. tularensis
antibiotics- tetracyclines
control ticks and flys
is burkholderia a notifiable zoonotic agent?
yes
what species is B. mallei most commonly seen in?
equids
how is B. mallei transmitted?
contact (halters)
inhalation
ingestion
how is the acute form of B. mallei presented?
-caseous/calcified centers on lungs
-star-shaped scars after healed
how does the chronic form of B. mallei presented?
oronasal lesions
ulcerative lymphangitis
how do you diagnose B. mallei?
culture
PCR
what is the treatment for B. mallei
-not a cure, but tetracyclines are used for endemic areas
-depopulation/euthansia
where is B. pseudomallei most commonly found?
equatorial distribution
how is B. pseudomallei transmitted?
contaminated soil and water
what are the clinical manifestations of B. pseudomallei in horses?
edema and lymphangitis
how do you diagnose B. pseudomallei?
culture
PCR
how do you treat and prevent B. pseudomallei?
often unsuccessful
euthanasia preferred
which form of plague is most fatal in humans?
septicemic form
what drug is the most useful for treating cases with symptoms common of plague, tularemia, and glanders?
doxycycline
