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microbiology > taylorella, brucella, and coxiella- highly regulated bacteria; abortions > Flashcards

taylorella, brucella, and coxiella- highly regulated bacteria; abortions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are reportable diseases

A

great public/ animal health importance, and have to reported to gov as soon as detected

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2
Q

what happens after reporting a disease

A

allow for collection of statistics to show the occurrence of a disease

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3
Q

how is reporting a disease helpful/useful

A

helps identify disease trends and track disease outbreaks and controls future outbreaks

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4
Q

why is safe handling of reportable pathogens important?

A

b/c of select agents- possible bioweapon

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5
Q

where was the first case of contagious equine metritis found?

A

first described in the UK in 1977

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6
Q

what is the causative agent of contagious equine metritis

A

taylorella equingenitalis

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7
Q

morphology of taylorella equigenitalis

A

gram - rods
no growth on McConkey bc is fastidious (even though gram -)

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8
Q

what is the pathogenesis of contagious equine metritis

A

semen and pre-ejaculatory fluids contaminat with T. equigenitalis -> after intro in uterus -> induce acute endometritis -> mononuclear cells, plasma cells, and neutrophils migrate to uterine lumen

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9
Q

what are the clinical findings of contagious equine metritis

A

-copious mucopurulent vaginal discharge
-temporary infertility
- vertical transmission
-stallions usually display no symptoms

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10
Q

how is contagious equine metritis transmitted?

A

venereal transmission
infected semen
contaminated instruments
-persists for months or years
-long-term asymptomatic carriers

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11
Q

how do you diagnose contagious equine metritis for mares

A

swabs
-vaginal discharge
-clitoral fossa, sinuses, cervix

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12
Q

how do you diagnose stallions with contagious equine metritis?

A

swabs
-urethral fossa and sinus, distal urthrea
-external surface proteins of penis
-prepuce
-pre-ejaculatory fluid

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13
Q

what should a sample of suspected contagious equine metritis be transported in?

A

amines medium
-sample must be packaged and sent out rapidly

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14
Q

before a sample is taken for a suspected contagious equine metritis, what can not be done before hand?

A

no systemic antibiotics for 7 days before
no topical antibiotics for 21 days before

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15
Q

on what agars do you culture taylorella equingenitialis (contagious equine metritis)?

A

chocolate agar
timoney’s medium

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16
Q

what is the treatment for contagious equine metritis?

A

-wash with 2% chlorhexidine
-antimicrobial treatments; nitrofurazone and silver sulfadiazine
*steps above must be repeated for 5 consecutive days

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17
Q

how do you prevent contagious equine metritis

A

strict import/ export testing
no vax available

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18
Q

what area is brucellosis found and in what species

A

-yellowstone N.P.
-found in wild bison and elk

19
Q

who is brucellosis transmissible to?

A

cattle and humans

20
Q

what is the causative agent of brucellosis

A

all brucella spp

21
Q

describe the characteristics of brucella spp

A

gram negative
-outer cell membrane pathogenic strains has LPS
-they survive long periods of time

22
Q

how does brucellosis test for in
catalase
oxidase
urease

A

all positive

23
Q

what is reservoirs for brucellosis

A

various wild, feral and some domestic animals

24
Q

who are the groups at high risk for brucellosis

A

-people who consume unpasteurized milk products
-people in direct contact with infected animals
-lab techs and researchers

25
Q

what type of control is best for the human population against brucellosis

A

protecting human populations by vaccinating

26
Q

how are animals infected with brucellosis

A

ingestion of contaminated fetal tissues and fluids

27
Q

what part of the pathogenesis of brucellosis makes it so unique

A

-bacteria can survive inside phagocytic cells because they can survive inside of macrophages
-they multiply mainly in monocyte-macrophage cells
-spread systemically to various target organs esp in repro organs

28
Q

what are the clinical findings of brucellosis

A

abortion/infertility
-abortion storms
reduce milk yield

29
Q

clinical findings of brucella canis

A

low virulence
abortions
very rarely zoonotic

30
Q

clinical findings in brucella suis

A

abortion/infertility

31
Q

clinical findings in brucella melitensis

A

-most dangerous zoonosis
-abortion, orchitis and arthritis

32
Q

how do you diagnose brucellosis

A

-Columbia agar supplemental with 5% serum
-brucella milk ring test

33
Q

what is the causative agent for coxiellosis/Q fever

A

coxiella burnetii
-resistant to environmental stress
-zoonotic pathogen

34
Q

what are the two distinct cells types of coxiellosis

A

-small cell variant
-large cell variant

35
Q

what makes coxiellosis so scary to people

A

highly infectious
occupational hazard
select agent

36
Q

what species does coxiellosis have a strong association with

A

domestic ruminants

37
Q

where does coxiella proliferate and what does that result in?

A

proliferates in uterus and mammary glands and results in late term abortion

38
Q

how is coxiellosis transmitted?

A

inhalation
-parturient sheep, goats, cattle and rarely from parturient cats/dogs

39
Q

what is the pathogenesis of coxiellosis

A

multiplies acidified phagolysosomes and then localizes in the genital tract and mammary glands of animals

40
Q

clinical findings of coxiellosis in goats and ruminants

A

goats: abortions and infertility
ruminants: infertility

41
Q

diagnosis of coxiellosis

A

PCR is most sensitive and fast

42
Q

what is the treatment for coxiellosis

A

tetracycline

43
Q

prevention for coxiellosis

A

-good husbandry
-proper disposal of birth products

microbiology (12 decks)

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