mycoplasma Flashcards
what type of gram is Mycoplasma and how does it stain?
classified as gram + but stain as gram - b/c they have no peptidoglycan layer
what is added to the Mycoplasma membrane in order to give it stability?
sterols
where are nonhemotropic Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma found?
respiratory, articular surface, mammary glands, serous/serous membranes
where is hemotropic Mycoplasma found?
chemotropic mycoplasmas or hemoplasmas parasitized RBC which causes regenerative anemia
-found on surface of RBC
what was hemotropic mycoplasmas formerly known as?
haemobartonella and eperythrozoon
what type of mycoplasma was associated with infections but not pathogenic?
acholeplasma
what mycoplasma are reportable diseases? and in what species?
bovine- mycoplasma mycoides mycoides
caprine & ovine- mycoplasma capricolum capripneumoniae
what mycoplasma spp is monitored? and in what species
avian- M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae
caprine & ovine- M. agalactiae, M. capricolum capricolum, M. putrefaciens, M. mycoides capri, M. mycoides mycoides LC
what is significant about mycoplasma replication?
smallest self-replicating organism
describe mycoplasma cell wall structure
no cell wall= no peptidoglycan layer= no shape
what is the mycoplasma cell membrane comprised of?
unite (trilaminar) with cholesterol
what type of bacteria can have a temporary loss of peptidoglycan layer and can be mistaken for mycoplasma or vice versa?
L form bacteria
what can be used to stain mycoplasma?
dienes stain
describe mycoplasma
morphology
cells
colonies
nutrient req
repro
oxygen
morph- filterable
cells- cocci, spirals, filament, rings
colonies- fried egg shape
nutrients- fastidious; reduce genome with loss of metabolic pathways
repro- binary fission or elongation w/ breakup
oxygen- facultative anaerobes
what are the virulence factors for mycoplasma?
*adhesion
antigenic and phase variation
biofilm
H2O2
capsule
capping
mimicry
who is the reservoir for mycoplasma spp in hemotropic and nonhemotropic?
host
Dx for mycoplasma
sample
media
culture
when sampling mycoplasma where do you sample from and how and what time frame do you deliver it?
sources- mucosal scrape, tracheal exudate, aspirate
refrigerate and deliver 24-48 hours
when doing a media test for Dx of mycoplasma, how do you transport it and why?
with antimicrobials to limit G+ & G- overgrowth
-transport amides medium without charcoal
-mastitic milk add ampicillin
what types of cultures are used for mycoplasma?
PPLO
modified hay flick agar
-brain heart infusion base
what is the best method to Dx hemotropic mycoplasmas?
PCR & qPCR
what is the treatment for mycoplasma
tetracycline
macrolides
fluoroquinolone
causative agent for hemotropic infection in cats
mycoplasma haemofelis
epidemiology for feline infectious anemia (hemoplasmosis)
hemotropic mycoplasmosis
common free roaming cats
transmission- bite wounds
recovered cat can be carrier
what are the clinical presentations for feline infectious anemia (hemoplasmosis)
common acute form
-anemia
best methods for Dx feline infectious anemia (hemoplasmosis)
PCR- best method
can also use Coombs test
Tx for FIA
doxycycline
mycoplasma gallisepticum clinical signs chicken vs turkey
chicken- chronic resp disease
turkey- infectious sinusitis and more severe
Dx for mycoplasma gallisepticum
screen- flock testing
-serum plate agglutination test
mycoplasma synoviae clinical signs
synovitis
turkey- sternal bursitis
Dx for mycoplasma synoviae
PCR
causative agent of swine enzootic pneumonia
mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
when does mycoplasma hyopneumonia usually effect pigs?
8-20 weeks
clinical signs of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
chronic nonproductive cough
what mycoplasma species are associated with mycoplasma arthritis?
mycoplasma hyorhinis and hyosynoviae
-these are commensals
what age does mycoplasma hyorhinis affect?
3-10 weeks
what are the clinical presentations of mycoplasma hyorhinis
arthritis
polyserositis
Dx of mycoplasma hyorhinis
joint fluid
what are the characteristic signs of polyserositis and what other disease would be on your differential list?
polyserositis
-differentiate from glasser’s disease, glasserella parasuis
at what age does mycoplasma hyosynoviae infect pigs?
12-30 weeks
what does mycoplasma hyosynoviae cause in gilts
polyarthritis- from an upper resp tract source
causative agent of bronchopneumonia and mastitis in feedlot cattle and severe pneumonia in calves
mycoplasma bovis
bacterial involved in bovine resp disease complex
pasturella multocida
mannheimia haemolytica
histophillus somni ot truepurella pyogenes
clinical presentation mycoplasma Bovis
harsh hacking cough
swollen joints & arthritis
primary joints- carpus shoulder hip hawk
Tx for mycoplasma bovis
no effective treatment or vax
causative agent for contagious agalactia in ovine and caprine
mycoplasma agalctiae
what is the 3 part syndrome of mycoplasma agalactiae
mastitis
arthritis
keratoconjunctivitis
where is mycoplasma mycoides mycoides found in the world
endemic central africa
Middle East
clinical signs of mycoplasma mycoides mycoides
severe fibrous pneumonia
cause of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
M. capricolum capripneumoniae
what is important about mycoplasma cynos
-part of canine infectious resp disease
-one of causes of kennel cough
