Year 9 Flashcards
Define Ionic bonding
Electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions. Ions are charged atoms formed by the transfer of electrons
Define an Isotope
Same atomic number (same number of protons) but different mass number (different number of neutrons)
What is a Compound
Two or more different atoms chemically bonded together (carbon dioxide)
What is a Mixture
Atom or molecules mixed that are different and not chemically bonded(air)
What is an Element
All same atoms (e.g. oxygen)
What is a Molecule
Two or more non metals covalently bonded together
What are Metals
Malleable , ductile and have high melting and boiling points. Metals conduct electricity. Metal oxides are basic
What are Non metals
Don’t conduct electrify. Non metal oxides are acidic
Test for hydrogen
Lighted splint ignites gas with a squeaky pop
Test for oxygen
Relight a glowing splint
Test for carbon dioxide
Limewater goes cloudy
What is Carbon monoxide
- Formed in incomplete combustion in fuel in car engines.
* Poisonous to humans and animals - prevents red blood cells from carrying oxygen
What is Sulfur dioxide
- Reacts with oxygen
- Sulfur impurities in fuel burn
- Creates acid which harms plants and fish
- React limestone and marble
Define Immiscible
2 liquids can’t mix together (oil and water)
Define Miscible
2 liquids can mix together (ethanol and water)
Define Metallic bond
Electrostatic attraction between the positive metal ions and delocalised electrons
What are Metal ions
Layers of metal ions able to slide over each other without breaking the metal bonds
What is the Reactivity series (Please Send Lions Cats Monkeys And Crazy Zebras In To Lovely Hot Countries Signed General Penguin)
Potassium Sodium Lithium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Carbon Zinc Iron Tin Lead Hydrogen Copper Silver Gold Platinum
Metal + acid =
Salt + hydrogen
What is Rusting
- Iron rusts , it corrodes easily . •Only happen when in contact with water and oxygen .
- Called hydrated iron(III) oxide
- flakey and soft
How rusting is prevented
- paint or plastic coat acting as a barrier
- oiling for moving parts
- scarified metal(zinc), means water and oxygen will react with that first
What are Alloys
•mixture of 2 or more elements, at least one element is a mixture
•random arrangement
•contains atoms different sizes
•so difficult for layers so slide over each other
Alloys harder than pure metals
Acid + alkali =
Salt + water
Acid + base =
Salt + water
What is an Atom
Smallest particle = element not bonded
Define Ion:
Atom which has lost or gained electron which has a charge
Define Lattice:
Lots of ions bonded together (solid)
Define Network:
- Giant covalent structure
* E.g. Diamond or Graphite
