Year 10

Question 1

Why are some collisions unsuccessful

Answer 1

• particles don’t have enough energy
• particles facing the wrong way
• amount of energy the particles need = activation energy (Ea)

Question 2

How do you increase rate of reaction

Answer 2

• Increase percentage of collisions which are successful

* Increase frequency of collisions

Question 3

Larger surface area in reaction =

Answer 3

• Faster rate of reaction
• Increase number of particles that can react in certain volume
• Increase frequency of collision, Increase rate

Question 4

What is an ion

Answer 4

Ions are electrically charged particles formed when an atom lose or gain electrons

Question 5

Effect on temperate on reaction

Answer 5

• As temperature increases so does the rate

* Particles have more energy

Question 6

What is a catalyst

Answer 6

•Speed up rate of reaction without being used up in reaction

Question 7

Define Covalent Bonds

Answer 7

Electrostatic force of attraction between positive nuclei and shared pair of electrons

Question 8

Define Ionic bonds -

Answer 8

• Very strong
• Need a lot of energy to break
• Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling point

Question 9

Define Intermolecular Forces -

Answer 9

• The strength of I.M.F depends on the size of the molecule.

* Bigger molecule = stronger I.M.F

Question 10

What is a Diamond?

Answer 10

• Giant covalent structure
• Each carbon is covalently bonded to 4 other C
• High melting point
• Hard
• Insoluble

Question 11

What is a Graphite?

Answer 11

• Giant covalent structure
• Layers of carbon in hexagon
• Each C bonded to 3 other C
• Spare C is delocalised
• Conducts electricity
• Act as lubricant because layers have weak attraction between each so layers can slide over eachother

Question 12

Why does water have a low boiling point

Answer 12

• Weak attraction due to intermolecular forces

* IMF weak so don’t require lots of energy to break

Question 13

Colour of chlorine at room temperature

Answer 13

• Green

* Gas

Question 14

Colour of bromine at room temperature

Answer 14

• Red/ brown

* Liquid

Question 15

Colour of Iodine at room temperature

Answer 15

• Grey

* Solid

Question 16

Define a hydrocarbon

Answer 16

•Compound contains only hydrogen and carbon

Question 17

Test for unsaturation

Answer 17

Bromine water turns from orange to colourless rapidly

Question 18

Fractional Distillation order :
(Really 
Gay 
Kids 
Don’t 
Fuck 
Bitches)

Answer 18

Refinery gases (Home heating)
Gasoline (Car petrol)            
Kerosene (Planes)            
Diesel (Lorry fuel)
Fuel oil (Ships)
Bitumen (Road tarmac)
•In order of lowest to highest boiling point

Question 19

What temperature does crude oil turn into a gas

Answer 19

500 degrees

Question 20

What is Crude Oil

Answer 20

Mixture of loads of different compounds, mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 21

Define an Isomer :

Answer 21

2 molecules with same chemical formula but different structure

Question 22

Define a homologous series :

Answer 22

•Family is compounds with some chemical properties and trend in physical properties
(e.g. bpt and mpt)

Question 23

What is cracking :

Answer 23

Turning less useful, long chain alkanes (in crude oil) into short chain, more useful alkanes and alkanes

Question 24

Define a polymer :

Answer 24

• Long chain molecules made up of lots (poly) of repeating units
• Units are small molecules which have a C=C

Question 25

Equation linking moles, mass, RAM

Answer 25

Moles = mass / RAM

Question 26

What is a molecular formula :

Answer 26

Actual number of each atom in a molecule

Propene=C3H6

Question 27

What is an Empirical Formula

Answer 27

Lowest whole number ratio of atom in molecule

Propene = CH2

Question 28

Define Exothermic reaction :

Answer 28

Gives out energy to surroundings, in form of heat and shown by rise in temperature of the surroundings

Question 29

Define Endothermic reaction :

Answer 29

Takes in energy from the surroundings, form of heat and shown by fall in temperature of surroundings