Periodic Table And Bonding Flashcards
What are the Vertical Columns and what do they show?
- Groups
- Shows Number is electrons in its outer shell
- E.g. group 1 = 1 electron in outer shell
Describe Non-Metals:
- Poor conductors of electricity
* Acidic - dissolve in water to form solutions with a pH less than 7 because they neutralise bases
Describe Metals:
- Conduct electricity
- Metal oxides are basic
- Dissolve to form a pH more than 7 because they neutralise acids
- Giant structure of positive ions
- Held together by metallic bonding
- Malleable - ions slide over each other
What are Noble gases?
- Group 0 elements
- E.g. helium, neon, argon
- Inert, colourless gases
What are Anions?
- Negative ions form when atoms gain electrons
- Have more electrons than protons
- Group 5,6,7
What are Cations?
- Positive ions form when atoms lose electrons
- Have more protons than electrons
- Group 1,2,3
What is the symbol for Ammonium?
NH4^+
What is the symbol for Carbonate?
CO3^2-
What is the symbol for Nitrate?
NO3^-
What is the symbol for Sulfate?
SO4^2-
What is the symbol for Hydroxide?
OH^-
What is the symbol for Hydrogen?
H^+
What is the definition for Ionic Bonding?
Electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions
What are Ionic Compounds?
- Giant ionic structure
- Very strong so a lot of energy needed to break attraction
- High melting and boiling point
What is the Definition for Covalent Bonding?
Electrostatic attraction between negatively charged shared electrons and positively charged shared pair of nuclei
What are Simple Molecular Substances?
- Very strong covalent bonds
* IMF very weak so melting and boiling point is low so not a lot of energy needed to break
What are Giant Covalent Structures?
- Strong covalent bonds
- A lot of energy needed to break
- High melting and boiling point
- Don’t conduct electricity
- Weak IMF
- E.g.Diamond and Graphite
Define Metallic Bonding:
Electrostatic attraction between positive ions and electrons
