Year 8 Biology - Genes Flashcards
State the causes of variation in a species
Variation in a species comes from changes in genes, mating, surroundings, and random genetic changes over time.
Explain whether characteristics are inherited or environmental
Characteristics can be inherited from parents or influenced by the environment during an individual’s life.
What are the types of variation?
continuous and discontinuous variation
What is the difference between continuous and discontinuous variation?
Continuous variation shows a range of values, while discontinuous variation has distinct categories or groups.
How does variation help species survive environmental changes?
Variation enables some individuals to better adapt to environmental changes, ensuring species’ survival.
How are species adapted to their environment?
through traits that enhance survival and reproduction in specific conditions.
How do organisms adapt to environmental changes?
through evolutionary processes, such as natural selection, mutation, and behavioural adjustments.
What are the changes that take place in puberty for girls?
breast development, growth of pubic hair, beginning of menstrual cycle, and overall body growth.
What are the changes that take place in puberty for boys?
growth of facial and body hair, deepening of the voice, growth spurts, and development of the reproductive organs.
What’s the difference between adolescence and puberty?
Puberty is about body changes Adolescence includes those changes plus emotional and social growth.
What are the main changes that take place during puberty?
Growth spurts, sexual development, and emotional changes occur during puberty.
what are the main structures in the male reproductive systems?
-Testes
-penis
-vas deferens
what are the main structures in the female reproductive systems?
-Ovaries
-uterus
-fallopian tubes.
Describe the function of the male and female reproductive systems?
The male reproductive system produces and delivers sperm, while the female system produces eggs and supports fertilization and pregnancy.
Describe the structure and function of gametes?
Sperm from males and eggs from females are special cells for making babies. Sperm are tiny and swim to fertilize eggs. Eggs are larger and provide food for the baby when fertilized. When they join, they start making a baby.
What is it meant by fertilisation?
Fertilization is the process where a sperm cell joins with an egg cell to start the development of a new organism.
Describe the process of fertilisation?
Fertilization occurs when a sperm cell from the male joins with an egg cell from the female, usually in the fallopian tube. This union forms a zygote, which begins to divide and develop into an embryo.
Describe the causes of low fertility in male and female reproductive systems?
what is it meant by gestation?
what happens during gestation and birth?
Explain whether substances are passed between the mother and fetus?
state what the menstrual cycle is?
State the length of the menstrual cycle?
Describe the main stages in the menstrual cycle
