Chemistry - Crude Oil Flashcards
what is crude oil?
crude oil is a finite resource found in the remain of ancient biomass. It is a mixture of mainly hydrocarbons.
what’s the formula for alkanes
CnH2n + 2
what the formula for alkenes
CnH2n
whats the molecular formula of ethane
C2H6
What’s the structural formula of ethane
CH3 CH3
what does it mean by the word saturated?
it has no double bonds
what’s the homologous series?
going up by CH2 a series of compounds with the same chemical properties
how do you carry out a fractional distillation practical for crude oil
crude oil is heated to make a vapour
vapour rises up the column
the column is hot at the bottom and cooler at the top
hydrocarbons condense at different temperatures depending on their boiling points
what is a fraction?
a set of hydrocarbon molecules of similar size and boiling points
What does the complete combustion of hydrocarbons produce?
carbon dioxide
water
what are the products of incomplete combustion?
carbon monoxide
how many bonds do alkenes have?
double
what are the first four alkanes?
methane, ethane, propane, butane
properties of hydrocarbons with small molecules
low boiling points
very volatile
flows easily
ignites easily
properties of hydrocarbons with large molecules
high boiling points
not very reactive
doesn’t flow easily
doesn’t ignite easy
what is cracking?
when hydrocarbons are broken down to produce smaller molecules
what are more reactive akenes or alkanes?
alkenes
what reacts with alkenes
bromine water
what colour would bromine water turn if alkenes was present?
colourless
first four alkenes?
ethene, propene, butene, pentene
why are alkene molecules unsaturate?
they contain two fewer hydrogen atoms than alkanes
what are alkanes?
saturated hydrocarbons that only contain single bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms.
have the general formula CnH2n + 2
whats the word equation for the reaction of octane with oxygen
Octane + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water
molecular formula of ethane
C2 H6
formula of propane
C3 H8
DESCRIBE HOW FUEL OIL CAN BE CHANGED INTO GASOLINE PETROL
through cracking,
which breaks down large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more useful ones
