Year 2 - Energy For Exercise

Question 1

What breaks down glycogen into glucose?

Answer 1

Glycogen Phosphorylase

Question 2

True or false?

Breaking down glycogen into glucose releases energy.

Answer 2

False: The breakdown of glycogen into glucose does NOT release energy.

Question 3

What is the ATP yield of the ATP-PC energy system?

Answer 3

1:1

1 mole of PC broken down gives enough energy to resynthesise 1 mole of ATP

Question 4

What does PFK stand for?

Answer 4

Phosphofrucktokinase

Question 5

How much more oxygen is required to break down fats to be used as energy?

Answer 5

15% more oxygen over and above that required to breakdown glucose

Question 6

What occurs during the fast alactacid component of EPOC?

Answer 6

1: ATP resynthesis
2: PC resynthesis
3: Myoglobin saturation (oxygen)

Question 7

What is the site of reaction in the ATP-PC system for ATP resynthesis?

Answer 7

Sarcoplasm

Question 8

Explain the term ‘coupled reaction’ with an example

Answer 8

The products of one reaction are used in another (e.g. PC breakdown releasing energy to resynthesise ATP)

Question 9

What type of reaction absorbs energy?

Answer 9

Endothermic

Question 10

What type of reaction gives off energy?

Answer 10

Exothermic

Question 11

Use one word to define ‘without the presence of oxygen’

Answer 11

Anaerobic

Question 12

What enzyme breaks down PC?

Answer 12

Creating kinase

Question 13

Complete the equation;

ATP + ATPase = ADP +………. +Pi

Answer 13

Energy for contraction

Question 14

Complete the equation;

PC + ………. = energy + Pi

Answer 14

Creating kinase

Question 15

How long can ATP be resynthesised using the ATP-PC system?

Answer 15

Up to 10 seconds

Question 16

Identify a weakness of the ATP-PC system

Answer 16

Low ATP yield
Low stores of PC
Fatigues after 10 seconds

Question 17

What is pyruvic acid converted into in the absence of oxygen?

Answer 17

Lactic acidosis

Question 18

How much ATP is resynthesised in the glycolytic/ lactic acid energy system?

Answer 18

2 moles of ATP resynthesised to 1 mole of glucose

Question 19

What event uses the ATP-PC system as the predominant energy system?
100m
800m or
5,000m

Answer 19

100m

Question 20

What does OBLA stand for?

Answer 20

Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation

Question 21

OBLA denotes the point at which blood lactate levels significantly rise. At what level is this?
4 mmol/L
8 mmol/L
1 mmol/L

Answer 21

4 mmol/L

Question 22

What by product inhibits enzyme activity and prevents further breakdown of fuel and ATP resynthesis?

Answer 22

Lactic acid

Question 23

Name the 3 components of the aerobic energy systems in ATP resynthesis

Answer 23

Aerobic glycolysis
Kreb’s cycle
Electron transport chain

Question 24

Where does the aerobic glycolysis components of the aerobic energy system take place?

Answer 24

Sarcoplasm

Question 25

Where does the Kreb’s cycle component of the aerobic energy system take place?

Answer 25

Mitochondria matrix

Question 26

Where does the ETC component of the aerobic energy system take place?

Answer 26

Mitochondria cristae

Question 27

What enzyme converts pyruvic acid into lactic acid?

Answer 27

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)

Question 28

Acetyl CoA combines with oxalocetic acid to form….

Answer 28

Citric acid

Question 29

What are the by products of the Kreb’s cycle?

Answer 29

CO2, hydrogen, energy (to resynthesise 2 moles of ATP)

Question 30

What are the by products of the Electron transport chain?

Answer 30

H2O + energy (to resynthesise 34 moles of ATP)

Question 31

What factors could impact on where a sport sits on the energy continuum?

Answer 31

Position
Tactics employed
Level of competition
Standard of opposition

Question 32

How do free fatty acids enter the aerobic energy systems?

Answer 32

Converted into Acetyl CoA and enters the Kreb’s cycle

Question 33

What is required during the recovery stage to return the body to a pre exercise state?

Answer 33

Energy in the form of ATP (the body’s only source of energy)

This is supplied by the aerobic energy system

Question 34

Define EPOC

Answer 34

Oxygen debt - the volume of oxygen required after exercise to return the body to a pre exercise state

Question 35

What occurs during the slow lactacid component of recovery?

Answer 35

1: remove lactic acid
2: replenish glycogen stores
3: return the body to a pre exercise state (ventilation, circulation and body temperature)

Question 36

How much oxygen is required to complete the fast alactacid component of recovery?

Answer 36

1-4 litres (approximately)

Question 37

How much oxygen does the slow lactacid component of EPOC require?

Answer 37

5-8 litres

Question 38

Which component accounts for the largest percentage of the slow lactacid component of EPOC;
1 Ventilation and circulation recovery?
2 Body temperature?
3 Lactic acidosis removal?
4 Glycogen replenishment?

Answer 38

Body temperature remains elevated for up to several hours after exercise. As such it accounts for around 50-60% of the slow lactacid component of EPOC.

Question 39

10-25% or pyruvic acid is reconverted into glucose during the slow lactacid component of EPOC.

What is this process called?

Answer 39

Gluconeogenesis

Question 40

Review pages 21-23 in the book regarding implications of recovery on training

Answer 40

This is just a reminder card to review the textbooks!