Year 13 Fact Attack Advanced Material Flashcards
How long did it take to reach Australia in 1914
40 days
How long did it take to reach Australia in 2016
1 1/2 days
What year did Mclean develop the shipping container
1956
What percentage does container trade account for of world seaborne trade
60%
When was the first steam train built
1804
When was the first steam ship built
1787
How fast can a jet aircraft travel
600 mph
When was the concept of jet aircraft created
1928
When was the first commercial telegraph created
1837
When did electronic banking begin
1980s
When was the first mobile phone made
1973
When did the world-wide web launch
1990
When were fibre optics first used
1970s
How much more can fibre optics carry than copper wires
65,000 times more
What year was the first email sent
1971
How many members does Facebook have
150 million
How much worth of Chinese made clothes did the Eu block from the UK
£50 million
What company became the largest telecommunications in 2000
Vodafone
What is the population of the EU
508 million
When was British telecom privatised
1984
When did China join the world trade organisation
Dec-01
Where are the special economic zones in China
Shenzhen, Shantou, Zhuhai
When did Mao Zedong die and Deng Xiaoping take over
1976
What four factors of environmental degradation is caused by superpowers
Landscape scarring, the built environment, oil spills, removal of forests
In what century did most mines close
20th
In what year did Drake lands Pit in Devon open and when was the last mine open before this
2015, 1969
The price of what doubled as the supply was reduced
Tungsten
How many litres of oil escaped due to BPs Deepwater Horizon in 2010
450 million
What was the % increase in food production in Brazil between 2002-12
26%
How many times did beef exports increase by in Brazil
10x
How many litres of water were needed to produce a kilo of beef and wheat
15,000 1,250 kilograms
What did America agree to do in 2014 and by when
Reduce CO2 emissions by 2025
Who pulled out of the Paris Agreement in June 2017
Donald Trump
When did China agree to reduce carbon emissions and by when
2014, 2030
What were the EU subsidies for agriculture called
Common Agricultural Policy
What are rare earths
A group of 17 elements that occur together in geological deposits and are very difficult to separate
What is the collective worth of rare earths
$5 trillion
Give an example of a rare earth
Neodymium
What % of rare earths does China produce
85%
How many tonnes of toxic waste is produced for every tonne of rare earths
2000
How much did rice consumption increase in Sub-Saharan Africa
50%
How many time faster do India sue groundwater than it can be replenished
3x
How much of the world’s gas in undiscovered
30%
What % of the world’s oil resources are in the Arctic
13%
The UN convention law of the sea allows countries to own how many miles beyond their coastline
200 miles
What year did Russia use submarines to put a flag at the north pole
2007%
What is the name of the Chinese icebreaker which navigated the northern sea route for the first time
Xuedong
Why is there tension over oil
Demand is high, ambiguity over possession
Why have tensions grown between Russia and Eastern Europe
Accession 8 countries joining the EU in 2004
In 2013 how many primary school children didn’t go to school
59 million
In 2013 how many secondary school children didn’t go to school
65 million
In 2015 what % of countries had equal access to primary education
69%
In 2015 what % of countries had equal access to secondary education
48%
How many more girls do not get an education in the Sahel compared to boys
2x
Give 3 reasons why education is central to economic development
Basic hygiene/healthcare, family size control, decision making
How many people die each year due to water related diseases
840,000
What is the average life expectancy in Japan
82
What is the average life expectancy in the UK
81
What has life expectancy increased from and to between 1985 and 2015
54-68
How much has life expectancy been reduced by due to air pollution in developing cities
3.2 years
Which area has the lowest life expectancy of 57 years
Sub Saharan Africa
Sub Saharan Africa has the largest maternal mortality rate of what per 100,000 live births
540
Where are the highest life expectancies in Africa
North Africa e.g. Algeria (76.39) Tunisia (76.04)
Where are the lowest life expectancies in Africa
Sub Saharan Africa e.g. South Africa (49.56) Mozambique (52.60)
Each year how many children die before their 5th birthday
6 million
Name 3 reasons for variations in life expectancy within the developed world
Differences in lifestyle, differences in deprivation, differences in cost and effectiveness of healthcare
In the UK which ethnicity has the highest and lowest life expectancies
Chinese, Bangladesh
In the UK which socio-economic group has the highest and lowest life expectancies
Professional, Unskilled
How many years difference is there between Richmond upon Thames and Manchester in terms of life expectancy
15 years
How much is public spending in the UK
$1,102.8bn (2016)
What % of the UK spending is on healthcare
18%
What % of the UK spending is on education
12%
How much is spending on health in the UK
$3,102 per person
What are human rights
Moral principles that underlie standards of human behaviour “to which a person is inherently entitled to simply because he or she is a human being”
What were human rights first formed and why
1948- in the response to Nazi atrocities
What does the UN declaration of Human Rights do
Sets a basic guideline for what every country should go by
Name two benefits of the UN declaration
Broad range of social, economic, and environmental factors; guidance for countries
Name two negatives of the UN declaration
Open to interpretation; not legally binding
What does the European convention of Human Rights do
European version of the UN convention that can be tailored to European countries
What are two benefits of the EUCHR
Can go to the European court of HR; more in line with western viewpoint
What are two negatives of the EUCHR
Takes a long time to action sanctions; undermining of sovereignty
Name two UNDHR Articles
All humans are born free and equal, everyone’s has the right to freedom of thought
When was the EUDHR formed and when was it ratified in the UK
1950, 1951
When was the UNDHR developed and how many articles
1948, 30 articles
When was the European court established
1959
How many signatory countries are there for EUDHR
47
What % of the UK cases are thrown out by the European court of HR
99%
When did the UK human rights act come into place
1998
What did the Human Rights Act do
Incorporates human rights into UK law which can be sanctioned be UK courts
What % of teenage girls and women are literate in Afghanistan
37%, 19%
How many ethnic groups are there in Myanmar
100
How many people needed food and shelter after the riots in Zimbabwe
4.5 million
How many Sikhs were massacred in the 1984 Anti-Sikh riots (India)
2000
How many civilians were killed in peaceful protest in Indonesia
4
How many years have the Kim Jong family been in power in NK
70 years
How many people are in political prison camps in NK
80,000- 120,000
How much is lost in corruption each year
$1 trillion
Between 2012 and 2015 which countries reduced corruption
Greece, Senegal, UK
Between 2012 and 2015 which countries increased corruption
Australia, Brazil, Spain, Turkey, Sweden
When were people in Indonesia given the vote
2004
In Indonesia when were rights given to people with disabilities
2016
What % of Indonesia’s population think the gov. is corrupt
91%
How young are children working in Indonesia
8
What % of children die before the age of 5 in Indonesia
40%
Give 3 humanitarian reasons for intervention in a country
Offering development aid to poorest and least developed countries, protecting human rights, encouraging healthcare and education
Give 4 mutual benefit reasons for intervention in a country
Strengthening security and stability, promoting international trade and protecting routes, accessing resources, encouraging inward investment
Give 2 military power reasons for intervention in a country
providing military support, increasing global or regional influences
In 2014 what % of EU development aid was for gov. and civil society
17.52%
In 2014 what % of EU development aid was for humanitarian aid
18%
How can development aid be given
Bilaterally or multilaterally
What was the UK gov target on international aid
0.7% of gross national income
How much aid was given in 2013 by the UK gov.
£11.2bn
Which corrupt nation did the UK donate £86.8 million to in 2012
Somalia
How much aid was given by Britain to Afghanistan in 2013
£200 million
When was an effective trade embargo in place in South Africa
1948-1994
When was the US trade embargo imposed over Cuba due to ties with communism
1960s
What are the average earnings of people in the North East
£15,000-£17,000
What are the average earnings in the south east
£35,000
Why does London have high pay
FDI is attracted, more quaternary industry
Why do coastal regions have lower pay
Seasonal jobs, brain drain, limited infrastructure
What % of children in Camden live in poverty compared to what % nationally
34% compared to 21%
What is youth unemployment in Camden
7%
What % of deaths are considered premature in Camden
43%
How many small areas are measured by the English indices of deprivation
32,844
Name the 3 factors that the “English Indices of deprivation” considers
Income, employment, education
In 2014 the richest 1% receive what % of all income equivalent to what % of the rest of the population
13%, 55%
The top 10% of employees earn over how much annually
£53,000
The bottom 10% of earners weekly wages are under how much
£288
How much of the UK growth output did the south create between 1997-2007
37%
State 4 causes for change to a region
Physical factors, accessibility and connectedness, local and national planning, historical development
What process is occurring in Leeds
Studentification
What process is occurring in Notting Hill
Gentrification
What process is occurring in Bradford
Multiculturalism
What process is occurring in Longbridge
Deindustrialisation
What is occurring in Cornwall
Tourism
What is the national average manufacturing average by output area
9.10%
What is the Birmingham manufacturing average by output area
11.58%
What is the Swansea manufacturing average by output area
10.03%
What is the national professional, scientific and technical activates by output area
6.30%
What is the Birmingham professional, scientific and technical activities by output area
4.75%
What is the Swansea professional, scientific and technical activities by output area
3.70%
What is a symbol of prosperity and investment in London’s canary wharf
Skyscrapers
In Bunhill Swansea how many students are there
20,000
In Birmingham what % of the population are white British
53%
Coastal erosion has meant how much land has been lost in Norfolk in the last 250 years
250m
What town has had to invest in more flood defences
Tewksbury 2007
The copper industry in Swansea employed how many in the 1880s
3000
What % of Swansea’s population were employed in public admin, education and health
38%
What % of Swansea’s population were employed in the hotel and restaurant industry
24%
What type of manufacturing happened in Birmingham
MG rover
What fraction of jewellery manufacturing occurred in Birmingham in a 1-mile radius of the city centre
01-Mar
How many visitors are attracted to the Bull Ring and Grand Central
36.5 million
How many higher education establishments are there in Birmingham and where is the top one ranked
6, now ranked 10th in terms of research
In Birmingham Ladywood how much have house prices increased
17% in 2017
In one-mile radius of Bryn mill Swansea Feb 2020 who many reports of anti-social behaviour
61
In one-mile radius of Bryn mill Swansea Oct 2019 how many cases of robbery
27
In one-mile radius of Sellyoak Birmingham Oct 2019 how many cases of robbery
71
In Birmingham what % of the population are of ethnic origin
42%
In Birmingham what fraction of the population are born overseas
01-May
What % if Swansea are non-white ethnic groups
6%
What % of Swansea’s population born outside the UK
7%
Where in Birmingham can you see cultural exchange
Sparkhill and Sparkbrook
How is Birmingham connected nationally
M5, M6, M40 and M42
How is Swansea regionally important
Hosted music festivals at Brangwyn Hall and home to the tallest building in Wales Meridian Quay 107m
How much did popular resorts like Oxwich bay bring in to the area
£417m a year
When was the Bull Ring built
2003
How many people does the Bull Ring and Grand Central attract
38 million a year
Plans to overhaul St. David centre in Swansea will also include the construction of an arena with how many seats
3,500
How much spending was there on schools in the NP
£45bn
How much of gov spending was on health in the NP
£150 million
How many international gateways are there in the NP
9
How many business start-ups were there in 2014 in the NP
65,000
How many goods are exported annually from the NP
60bn
How many business visitors are received in NP
175,000
How many research universities are there in the NP
8
What % of apprentices are in the NP
one-third
How many consumers are there in the NP
15 million
What is the phrase used to describe multiple industries that locate in the same place
Agglomeration of industry
What did Gunner Myrdal suggest
Upwards cumulative causation
What term refers to not catering for all social classes and when society is divided
Social stratification
What are 3 ways we can measure the need for regeneration
Qualitative data, Quantitative data and Media portrayal
How much will the new runway at Heathrow cost
£18.6bn
How much money could a third runway generate
£100bn
How many jobs will be created as a result of the new runway
70,000
How many jobs will HS2 generate
40,000
How much money will be generated by the development of HS2
£59bn
What is the existing budget of HS2
£55.6bn
What was the original budget of HS2
£32.7bn
When was the national planning policy announced
20th Dec 2010
Between which years was the Right to Buy scheme at its peak
1980-95
How many council houses were sold under the Right to Buy scheme
2 million
What is shared ownership
Buying a proportion of the property and renting the other through the housing association
What is the Help to Buy scheme
Loan given to reduce the deposit required to help get on to the property ladder- in
How much gas will need to be imported by 2020
70%
Give an example of 2 fracking sites
Lake District, Lancashire
How much shale is estimated in the North of England
37 million m3
In 2015 how much of oil and gas was discovered near Gatwick airport
£300 billion
When was planned drilling to start in NW Lancashire
2015
What is the overall worth of industry in London e.g. consultants and accountants
£95bn
In 2004 how many eastern European countries joined the EU and how many followed in 2007
8, 2
Due to Russian oligarchs how much is inputted into the UK economy each year
£7bn
How many Russians call London home
100,000
When did most Russians come to the UK
In the 1990s after the fall of the USSR
What % of houses worth more the £5million are bought by Russians
20%
What % of the prime core of the capital do the oligarchs account for
2%
In Poland what was the rate of unemployment
18.20%
How much do polish migrants contribute to the UK economy each year
£25bn
Why are polish migrants beneficial
They contribute 34% more in taxes than they receive in benefits and they fill job shortages
How many more primary school places are needed due to demand from migration
130,000
How much money was made in Cabot Circus from retail led regeneration
£500 million
How many more parking spaces were made in Cabot Circus
2500
How many leading shops are in Cabot Circus
120
How many apartments and houses were built due to Cabot Circus
250
How many high-tech jobs were created by the 2012 London Olympics
3000
How many of the world’s journalists attended the Olympics
30,000
How many companies had to move to make room for the Olympic Park
380 employing 11,000
How many tickets were sold to the Olympics
9 million
Name 3 stakeholders to the Olympics who had positive attitudes
Athletes, Spectators, Government
Name 2 stakeholders to the Olympics who had negative attitudes
Local people, Less Qualified workers
How much did the Olympics cost
£10bn
How many new homes were built
1000 new homes and 9000 around the park
Name 3 stakeholder in Powys
Farmers, Local gov, Business owners
In regeneration in Powys how many volunteer was there and how much did they contribute to the economy
26,000 £173.6million
How much is the Green Investment Bank making available to research and development
£1bn including £200 million for low carbon tech £860 to encourage renewable heat and £30 million for improving energy efficiency
How much does tourism add to the Bradford region
£500 million
When did the Titanic Quarter open in Belfast
2009
How many long-term jobs did the TQ provide
20,000
How many visitors were there to the TQ in the first year of opening
800,000
How much did the TQ provide in terms of visitor attraction
£97 million
How much did the TQ add to the economy
£105 million
How much was invested into new Bronte branded buses in Haworth in 2015
£210,000
When was the fair-trade village in Haworth opened
2002
When did Haworth fair-trade partner with Machu Picchu in Peru
21st Oct 2005
How many day trips are there to Haworth each year
8.6 million
What is the village of Saltaire
UNESCO site
How did Skipbridge farm become a wedding venue
Using EU grants and subsidies to diversify
What % of healthcare was good in Island Ward in 2001 compared to 2011
57%; 84%
What % of healthcare was good in Belfast in 2001 compared to 2011
75%; 80%
What % of healthcare was good in Haworth in 2001 compared to 2011
71%; 35%
What % of healthcare was good in Bradford in 2001 compared to 2011
67%; 36%
What % of households owned their house with a mortgage in Island Ward in 2001 compared to 2011
11%; 68%
What % of households owned their house with a mortgage in Belfast in 2001 compared to 2011
31%; 63%
What % of households owned their house with a mortgage in Haworth in 2001 compared to 2011
50%; 42%
What % of households owned their house with a mortgage in Bradford in 2001 compared to 2011
42%; 35%
