Human Geography Superpowers Flashcards
Name a political quality of a superpower
Having a permanent seat on the UN security council
Name an economic quality of a superpower
High GDP/High levels of trade
Name a military quality of a superpower
Large amounts of hardware and military personnel
Name a cultural quality of a superpower
Rich cultural history/way of life
Name a demographic quality of a superpower
Significant percentage of global population
Suggest what a county’s access to resources is like if it is classed a Superpower
Able to export and control the supply of valuable commodities eg. Oil
What are the veto countries in the UN security council?
China/France/Russia/UK/US
What is one positive thing about being in the UN security council?
Can be decisive; Overriding factor-not a lone country
What is one negative thing about being in the UN security council?
Countries may act out of their own interest
What was the USAs per capita GDP?
$53,000
What is China’s per capita GDP?
$6,000
What % of all financial transactions are in US dollars?
80%
What % of foreign currency market transactions are in US dollars?
87%
How much money does the USA give out in terms of financial assistance?
$33billion
How much money does the UK give out in terms of financial assistance?
$19billion
How much more is the USAs military spending compared to China? What percentage is this of global military spending?
4-5times
How many of the top 20 universities globally are in the US?
16/20
In 2010, how many people visited Buckingham Palace?
413,000
In the USA, how many people living there were born in a foreign country?
45million
How many barrels of oil are there in the USA?
264billion
How many barrels of oil are there in China?
20.3billion
How many barrels of oil are there in Russia?
250billion
What is hard power?
The ability of a country to use military force or economic influence to make another accept and idea or situation
What is soft power?
The ability of a country to persuade its other countries to agree to a situation or idea by making it attractive
Who created geo-strategic theory?
Halford Mackinder
What are the three parts the world is divided into?
The world Island; Offshore Islands; Outlying islands
What civilisations have used geostrategic theory?
Romans; Napoleon; Nazis
What are the 4 multifaceted ways of exercising power?
Militarily; Politically; Economically; Culturally
What is neo-colonialism?
Use of investment, trade and culture to influence independent countries instead of direct governance
What four things does the USA represent?
Capitalism; Free Market; Manifest Destiny; Democracy
What four things does the USSR represent?
Communism; Marxism; Cold war; Controls all means of production
When was the Korean war?
June 1950 (until 1953)
When was the space race?
October 4th 1957
When was the Cuban missile crisis?
Oct-62
What is a bipolar example of superpowers?
Cold war; Usa vs USSR
In what years was America Unipolar?
1990s
How much did America’s economy grow by between 1992 and 1999?
4%
Between 1992 and 1999, how many jobs were added to the American work force per year?
1.7million
How much did the median American household income grow by between 1990 and 1999?
10%
What is the multipolar example of a superpower?
BRICS v G20
Which countries are in BRICS?
Brazil; Russia; India; China
What is G20?
Westernised countries- top 20 economies
Which countries are the only $1trillion economies outside the OECD?
BRICS
Which multipolar example agreed a post-recession ‘green stimulus package’ worth $1.1trillion?
G20
Give three examples of China’s growing dominance
Exports increase; Infrastructure development; TNCs moved there through special economic zones
How many Chinese people are estimated to be in Africa?
1 million
In 2010, what % of Chinese imports were mineral products from Africa?
80%
Why has China dominated Africa?
Easy to dominate; Cheaper; No competition
What four factors of environmental degradation is caused by superpowers?
Landscape Scarring; The built environment; Oil spills; Removal of forests
In what century did most mines close?
20th
In what year did Drakelands pit in Devon open? When did the last mine open before this?
2015; 1969
The price of what doubled as the supply was reduced?
Tungsten
In 2003, how many Chinese cities were affected by acid rain?
250
How much did acid rain in china cause the economy to lose in 2013?
$13.3billion
What was the % increase in food production in Brazil between 2002 and 2012?
26%
How many times did beef exports increase by in Brazil?
10x
What did America agree to do in 2014 and by when?
Reduce CO2 emissions; By 2025
Who pulled out of the Paris agreements in June 2017?
Donald Trump
When did China agree to reduce carbon emissions and by when?
2014; 2030
How many tonnes of CO2 did the USA emit from 1850 to 2007?
339,000million
How do you define the global middle class?
Those with an annual income of over £10,000
What are rare earths?
A group of 17 elements that occur together in geological deposits and are very difficult to separate from each other.
What is the collective worth of rare earths?
$5trillion
Give an example of a rare earth
Neodymium (used for wind turbines and hybrid cars)
How many tonnes of toxic waste is produced for every 1 tonne of rare earths?
2000
Farming is important to California because it produces what fraction of the country’s fruit and nuts?
02-Mar
How much of the world’s gas is undiscovered?
30%
What % of the world’s oil resources are in the Arctic?
13%
The UN convention on the law of the sea allows countries to own how many miles beyond their coastline?
200miles
What year did Russia use submarines to put a flag at the north pole?
2007
What is the name of the Chinese icebreaker which navigated the northern sea route for the first time?
Xuelong
Why is there tension over oil?
Demand is high; Ambiguity over possession
Why is there conflict over production of goods?
Counterfeiting
How many countries signed the Anti-counterfeiting trade agreement in 2011?
32
How much does counterfeiting cost G20 countries a year?
$85billion
Which countries are disputing over 8 islands in the East China sea?
Japan and China
In which years did Gazprom raise the price of gas and cut the supply of Ukraine in winter?
2006/2009
What % of all new projects in Africa are the result of Chinese investment?
30%
More than how many Chinese schools in Africa were formed due to the brain drain?
20
How many skilled and technical jobs were filled by Chinese migrants in 2014?
200,000
How many MW of electricity has been created by major HEP projects (financed by China) by 2013?
6780
How much has annual FDI from China increased to by 2015?
$3billion
How much does China provide in economic and development aid to Africa each year?
$2billion-$3billion
How many km of railways were built in Africa by China by 2015?
2250km
How many km of roads were built in Africa by China by 2015?
3350km
Give three factors that are challenges to superpowers?
Radicalisation; Cultural differences; Nationalism
What six factors cause instability in the middle east?
Religion; Resources; Oil/Gas; Governance; Youth; History
What % of crude oil exports originate in the middle east?
65%
