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HCHS A-level Geography > Human Geography Superpowers > Flashcards

Human Geography Superpowers Flashcards

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1
Q

Name a political quality of a superpower

A

Having a permanent seat on the UN security council

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2
Q

Name an economic quality of a superpower

A

High GDP/High levels of trade

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3
Q

Name a military quality of a superpower

A

Large amounts of hardware and military personnel

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4
Q

Name a cultural quality of a superpower

A

Rich cultural history/way of life

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5
Q

Name a demographic quality of a superpower

A

Significant percentage of global population

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6
Q

Suggest what a county’s access to resources is like if it is classed a Superpower

A

Able to export and control the supply of valuable commodities eg. Oil

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7
Q

What are the veto countries in the UN security council?

A

China/France/Russia/UK/US

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8
Q

What is one positive thing about being in the UN security council?

A

Can be decisive; Overriding factor-not a lone country

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9
Q

What is one negative thing about being in the UN security council?

A

Countries may act out of their own interest

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10
Q

What was the USAs per capita GDP?

A

$53,000

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11
Q

What is China’s per capita GDP?

A

$6,000

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12
Q

What % of all financial transactions are in US dollars?

A

80%

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13
Q

What % of foreign currency market transactions are in US dollars?

A

87%

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14
Q

How much money does the USA give out in terms of financial assistance?

A

$33billion

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15
Q

How much money does the UK give out in terms of financial assistance?

A

$19billion

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16
Q

How much more is the USAs military spending compared to China? What percentage is this of global military spending?

A

4-5times

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17
Q

How many of the top 20 universities globally are in the US?

A

16/20

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18
Q

In 2010, how many people visited Buckingham Palace?

A

413,000

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19
Q

In the USA, how many people living there were born in a foreign country?

A

45million

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20
Q

How many barrels of oil are there in the USA?

A

264billion

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21
Q

How many barrels of oil are there in China?

A

20.3billion

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22
Q

How many barrels of oil are there in Russia?

A

250billion

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23
Q

What is hard power?

A

The ability of a country to use military force or economic influence to make another accept and idea or situation

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24
Q

What is soft power?

A

The ability of a country to persuade its other countries to agree to a situation or idea by making it attractive

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25
Q

Who created geo-strategic theory?

A

Halford Mackinder

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26
Q

What are the three parts the world is divided into?

A

The world Island; Offshore Islands; Outlying islands

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27
Q

What civilisations have used geostrategic theory?

A

Romans; Napoleon; Nazis

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28
Q

What are the 4 multifaceted ways of exercising power?

A

Militarily; Politically; Economically; Culturally

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29
Q

What is neo-colonialism?

A

Use of investment, trade and culture to influence independent countries instead of direct governance

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30
Q

What four things does the USA represent?

A

Capitalism; Free Market; Manifest Destiny; Democracy

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31
Q

What four things does the USSR represent?

A

Communism; Marxism; Cold war; Controls all means of production

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32
Q

When was the Korean war?

A

June 1950 (until 1953)

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33
Q

When was the space race?

A

October 4th 1957

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34
Q

When was the Cuban missile crisis?

A

Oct-62

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35
Q

What is a bipolar example of superpowers?

A

Cold war; Usa vs USSR

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36
Q

In what years was America Unipolar?

A

1990s

37
Q

How much did America’s economy grow by between 1992 and 1999?

A

4%

38
Q

Between 1992 and 1999, how many jobs were added to the American work force per year?

A

1.7million

39
Q

How much did the median American household income grow by between 1990 and 1999?

A

10%

40
Q

What is the multipolar example of a superpower?

A

BRICS v G20

41
Q

Which countries are in BRICS?

A

Brazil; Russia; India; China

42
Q

What is G20?

A

Westernised countries- top 20 economies

43
Q

Which countries are the only $1trillion economies outside the OECD?

A

BRICS

44
Q

Which multipolar example agreed a post-recession ‘green stimulus package’ worth $1.1trillion?

A

G20

45
Q

Give three examples of China’s growing dominance

A

Exports increase; Infrastructure development; TNCs moved there through special economic zones

46
Q

How many Chinese people are estimated to be in Africa?

A

1 million

47
Q

In 2010, what % of Chinese imports were mineral products from Africa?

A

80%

48
Q

Why has China dominated Africa?

A

Easy to dominate; Cheaper; No competition

49
Q

What four factors of environmental degradation is caused by superpowers?

A

Landscape Scarring; The built environment; Oil spills; Removal of forests

50
Q

In what century did most mines close?

A

20th

51
Q

In what year did Drakelands pit in Devon open? When did the last mine open before this?

A

2015; 1969

52
Q

The price of what doubled as the supply was reduced?

A

Tungsten

53
Q

In 2003, how many Chinese cities were affected by acid rain?

A

250

54
Q

How much did acid rain in china cause the economy to lose in 2013?

A

$13.3billion

55
Q

What was the % increase in food production in Brazil between 2002 and 2012?

A

26%

56
Q

How many times did beef exports increase by in Brazil?

A

10x

57
Q

What did America agree to do in 2014 and by when?

A

Reduce CO2 emissions; By 2025

58
Q

Who pulled out of the Paris agreements in June 2017?

A

Donald Trump

59
Q

When did China agree to reduce carbon emissions and by when?

A

2014; 2030

60
Q

How many tonnes of CO2 did the USA emit from 1850 to 2007?

A

339,000million

61
Q

How do you define the global middle class?

A

Those with an annual income of over £10,000

62
Q

What are rare earths?

A

A group of 17 elements that occur together in geological deposits and are very difficult to separate from each other.

63
Q

What is the collective worth of rare earths?

A

$5trillion

64
Q

Give an example of a rare earth

A

Neodymium (used for wind turbines and hybrid cars)

65
Q

How many tonnes of toxic waste is produced for every 1 tonne of rare earths?

A

2000

66
Q

Farming is important to California because it produces what fraction of the country’s fruit and nuts?

A

02-Mar

67
Q

How much of the world’s gas is undiscovered?

A

30%

68
Q

What % of the world’s oil resources are in the Arctic?

A

13%

69
Q

The UN convention on the law of the sea allows countries to own how many miles beyond their coastline?

A

200miles

70
Q

What year did Russia use submarines to put a flag at the north pole?

A

2007

71
Q

What is the name of the Chinese icebreaker which navigated the northern sea route for the first time?

A

Xuelong

72
Q

Why is there tension over oil?

A

Demand is high; Ambiguity over possession

73
Q

Why is there conflict over production of goods?

A

Counterfeiting

74
Q

How many countries signed the Anti-counterfeiting trade agreement in 2011?

A

32

75
Q

How much does counterfeiting cost G20 countries a year?

A

$85billion

76
Q

Which countries are disputing over 8 islands in the East China sea?

A

Japan and China

77
Q

In which years did Gazprom raise the price of gas and cut the supply of Ukraine in winter?

A

2006/2009

78
Q

What % of all new projects in Africa are the result of Chinese investment?

A

30%

79
Q

More than how many Chinese schools in Africa were formed due to the brain drain?

A

20

80
Q

How many skilled and technical jobs were filled by Chinese migrants in 2014?

A

200,000

81
Q

How many MW of electricity has been created by major HEP projects (financed by China) by 2013?

A

6780

82
Q

How much has annual FDI from China increased to by 2015?

A

$3billion

83
Q

How much does China provide in economic and development aid to Africa each year?

A

$2billion-$3billion

84
Q

How many km of railways were built in Africa by China by 2015?

A

2250km

85
Q

How many km of roads were built in Africa by China by 2015?

A

3350km

86
Q

Give three factors that are challenges to superpowers?

A

Radicalisation; Cultural differences; Nationalism

87
Q

What six factors cause instability in the middle east?

A

Religion; Resources; Oil/Gas; Governance; Youth; History

88
Q

What % of crude oil exports originate in the middle east?

A

65%

HCHS A-level Geography (7 decks)

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