Year 11 September test (P104-117) Flashcards
What is batch production
- making 2- thousands of consistent products
- uses jigs, templates and moulds to ensure consistency
- large batches reduce overall cost of item
- each batch tested for quality and uniformity
- machines may need to be recalibrated or stopped between batches -> down time
used for seasonal products, baked goods, newspapers etc
What is a prototype?
- representation of a product
- eg phsyical model/ CAD model
- helps evaluate and test a design, confirm design tests and costs
- tests aspects like size, aesthetics, ergonomics, or function
What is one-off production?
- manufacture of a single item
- fully functioning, complete
- eg custom made jewellery, bespoke furniture
- skilled craftsmanship will be high
- cost goes up as well
What is mass production?
- producing thousands to millions of standardised products
- automation used to efficiently produce high volume products
- fewer workers
- set up costs of machinery is high
- cost spread over large number of goods, reduces cost per unit
- used for things that will stay a same for a few years before getting replaced
used for mobile phones, cars
What is continuous production?
- process that takes 24 hours a day, 7 days a week
- expensive
- highly automated with small work force
- machinery is set up to produce large volume of one item
- used for products that will never go out of fashion
eg components such as screws, nuts, bolts
What does a jig do?
- holds the material and guides the tool
- secures work piece quickly and without causing any damage to the material
- always located against reference point or datum edge
- improves accuracy and efficiency
What is a template?
- a shape to draw around
- ensures item is accurately made
- can be replicated for constant quality
- should be made of durable material
What is a paper pattern?
- a shape to attach to materials to be cut
- usually used in textiles
What is a fixture?
- holds the material, does not guide tool
- eg clamp
What is a former?
- shape that plastic is formed around when vacuum forming
What is a mould?
- what the molten plastic is injected into in injection moulding
gives reptitve accuracy
What is a production aid?
- any device, tool, template, jig or pattern to help improve the speed and accuracy of the production process
What is a datum reference point?
- point from which all measurements are taken
- accuracy is increased by ensuring measurements are only taken from these points
What is a scale drawing?
- diagram that allows designer to represent object or building in a practical size
proportions are same, just scaled smaller or larger
What is primary market research?
- collecting data first hand for a specific purpose
- created by those who needed the data
What are some primary data sources?
- interviews
- questionnaires
- surveys
- focus groups
- case studies
- user observations
- product testing and trials
What are the advantages of using primary data sources?
- data is up to date and relevant
- questions and surveys can be tailored to specific needs
What are the disadvantages of using primary data sources?
- a large number of people needed
- data gathering is time consuming
What is secondary market research?
- using information created by others
What are some sources of secondary data?
- government data
- articles from books, magazines, and the internet
- company reports
- exemplar work from others
What are some advantages of using secondary data?
- data is already collated and available
- data may be free or low cost
- huge amount of research available
What are some disadvantages of using secondary research?
- data may not be up to date
- data may not be specific to company needs
- data is available for all
Examples of defining the target market during market research
- age group
- gender
- lifestyle, hobbies and interests
- socio-economic group
What kind of information is gathered during market research?
- if consumers already buy this type of product
- is there a need for another?
- do they like the style/design/colour/texture
- how much would they pay for it
How are interviews used to collect data?
- conducted face to face or over telephone
- answers can be more detailed
- can be recorded
- takes longer to summarise the feedback
How are focus groups used to gather data?
- a group of people brought together to share feedback
- able to listen and observe body language + reactions
- more time to give in-depth answers
- small focus groups = easier to control and keep discussion on topic
how are questionnaires used to gather data?
- series of questions on paper/ internet based form
- could include rating style questions
- close ended questions (yes/no)
- open ended questions (written answer)
- some may not provide enough detail or honest appraisal
What are some things that a product would be analysed for?
- function
- aesthetics
- sustainability/ environmental impact
- form
- materials used
- customer feedback/ recommendations
- ergonomics
- cost & retail price
- manufacturing process
What is ergonomics?
- process of designing products and workplaces to fit the people who use them
- improves human interaction with product/ environment/ workspace
- minismises risk of injury
What is antropometric data?
- study of human body, its measurement and proportions
- data collected from large sample of people
sub section of ergonomics
What does a percentile graph suggest about companies?
- companies usually design products that fit 90% of the population
- specialist companies exist to provide prodcuts to unusually big/ small people
What is qualitative data?
- provides insight into thoughts, opinions, and is often expressed in words
What is quantitative data?
- generates numerical or measurable data/ data that can be used in statistics
what are bar charts or pie charts used for?
- presenting quantitative data
What are spreadsheets used for?
- calculating and presenting cost and sales forecasts
What are graphs and charts used for?
- show trends and patterns in data
What are video and audio used for in presenting data?
- demonstrate feedback and reactions from focus groups and interviews
What are documents and reports used for in presenting data?
- summarised data with key areas highlighted or a transcript from a recorded interview
Why is having a design specification important?
and how does it ensure a successful outcome
- summarises any research
- provides clear criteria from which to work + test iterations of product against/ evaluate from
- point of agreement
- allows designer to modify product as part of iterative design process
Why do design briefs change during the design process?
- identify any unexpected issues or problems
- resolves them asap
- eg errors in dimensions - designer changes methods
earlier discovered = less impact to cost and time
What is Fair Trade?
- organisation that stops the exploitation of workers in less economically developed countries
- improves working conditions (personal protective equipment)
- fairer prices = improves farmers’ quality of life
- chocolate, fruit, coffee, wine, cotton
What is deforestation?
- permanent removal of trees and clearing the land for agricultural use and grazing
- timber used for fuel/ construction/ manufacturing
- contributes to global warming
What is the Forest Stewardship council?
- organisation that certifies materials that are sourced from sustainably managed forests
- uses selectrive logging + replanting
What is a design brief?
- document that outlines the expectations of a product
- product and purpose
- target market
- buget and timescale
- how and where it will be used
- where it would be sold
What is a design specficiation?
- includes more product detail
What is a manufacturing specification?
- document that includes all steps needed to make product
- includes technical drawings, CAD diagrams, process flowcharts and timing plans
