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DT theory GCSE > January Weeks 12-14 > Flashcards

January Weeks 12-14 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are physical properties/ characteristics?

A

Properties that can be measured or calculated without applying any force to the material

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2
Q

What is density?

A

the mass, per unit volume of any material. how solid is a material

lead has high density
polystyrene has low density

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3
Q

What is absorbency?

A

the ability of a material to soak up or draw in heat, light or moisture

cotton is more absorbent than acrylic

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4
Q

What is electrical conductivity?

A

The measure at which a material can transport electricity

eg. copper is a good conductor of electricity
insulators=plastic/ rubber

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5
Q

What is fusibility?

A

the ability of a material to be converted from a solid to a fluid state by heat and combined with another material

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6
Q

What is thermal conductivity?

A

The measure of a material’s ability to transfer heat

Copper is an excellent conductor of heat

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7
Q

List all of the physical properties

A
  1. absorbency
  2. density
  3. electrical conductivity
  4. fusibility
  5. thermal conductivity
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8
Q

What are working properties?

A

Properties that can only be measured by applying a force (compression, tension etc) to the material and seeing how it responds

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9
Q

What is ductility?

A

The ability of a material to be stretched or drawn or pulled without breaking

copper is ductile so can be drawn out to make wire

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10
Q

What is elasticity?

A

the ability to return to its original shape after stretching or compression

lycra used for sportswear to provide freedom of movement

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11
Q

What is hardness?

A

The ability to withstand impact, wear, abrasion (scratching) and indentation

tungsten is hard, used for knives, drills and saws

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12
Q

What is malleability?

A

The ability to be bent and shaped without cracking or splitting

gold, copper, silver and lead can all be hammered into shape

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13
Q

What is strength?

A

the ability to withstand a force such as pressure, compression, tension or shear

may be strong in one force but not the other.

concrete is strong in compression but not tension

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14
Q

What is toughness?

A

the ability to absorb shock without fracturing

kevlar body armour absorbs impact

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15
Q

How is paper measured in?

A

weight in grams per square metre (GSM)
common weights = 60-170 gsm

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16
Q

What is layout paper used for?

A

sketch and design work

same as photocopier/ printer paper

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17
Q

What is tracing paper used for?

A

copying, overlays and tracing drawings

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18
Q

What is cartridge paper used for?

A

Sketching, watercolours, ink drawings

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19
Q

What is bleed proof paper used for?

A

high quality illustrations with colour richness and vibrancy

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20
Q

What is grid paper used for?

A

Scale drawings, model making, scientific diagrams

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21
Q

What is a natural timber?

A

wood that comes directly off a tree

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22
Q

Where is hardwood from?

A
  • a deciduous tree, which has leaves
  • expensive because it is slow growing
  • denser than softwoods
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23
Q

List the hardwoods

A

ash
beech
balsa
mahogany
oak

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24
Q

What is a softwood?

A
  • wood that is from a coniferous tree
  • cheap because it is fast growing
  • generally softer
  • more prone to rot
  • fibers are further apart (absorbs more water)
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25
Q

List the softwoods

A

pine
spruce
larch

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26
Q

Card and board weight range

A

200 gsm - 300 gsm
selected by thickness and measured in microns

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27
Q

What is corrugated card used for?

A

Packaging for impact protection and insulation
degradable and recyclable

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28
Q

What is foil-lined card used for?

A

takeaway containers

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29
Q

What is duplex used for?

A

medium quality packaging
used with waxy coating for food and drink containers

30
Q

What is foam core board used for?

A

model making and mounting artworks

31
Q

What is inkjet card used for?

A

printing photographs and artworks

32
Q

What is solid white card used for?

A

greetings cards, quality packaging and book covers

33
Q

What are manufactured timbers?

A

Sheets of processed natural timber waste products or veneers (thin pieces of wood) combined with adhesives

34
Q

What is the standard size and thickness of manufactured boards?

A

2440mm x 1220mm
thickness: 3mm, 6mm, 9mm etc

35
Q

What is chipboard like?

A
  • larger particles than MDF
  • unattractive
  • not water resistant
  • always covered with plastic veneer
36
Q

What is medium density fibreboard (MDF) like?

A
  • made from fine timber dust particles
  • more attractive than chipboard but less attractive than plywood & natural timbers
  • absorbent
37
Q

What is plywood like?

A
  • when made with hardwood it can look attractive with a good surface finish
  • stable in all directions
38
Q

Manufactured board advantages

A
  • available in very large sheets (much larger than natural wood planks)
  • allows large items to be made from a single sheet (wardrobes)
  • less expensive than natural timber
  • has uniform thickness
  • very “stable”, doesn’t warp/ twist
  • has a flat smooth surface, suitable for laminated veneer
  • has good sound deafening qualities
39
Q

Manufactured board disadvantages

A
  • large sheets are heavy and difficult to manoeuvre
  • less attractive than natural timber
  • contains adhesive resin, have to use dust extraction during sanding/ cutting
40
Q

What is the source of metal?

A

metal ore

41
Q

What is a ferrous metal?

A

metal that contains iron, does rust (if not painted with a finish) and is magnetic

42
Q

List some ferrous metals

A
  • cast iron
  • low carbon/ mild steel
  • high carbon steel
43
Q

What is a non ferrous metal?

A

metal that doesn’t contain iron, is in the periodic table
resistant to rust, and is not magnetic

44
Q

What are non ferrous metals used for?

A
  • non magnetic so used for electronics and wiring
  • higher resistance to rust but can corrode or oxidise
  • commonly used externally for guttering, pipes and road signs
45
Q

What is an alloy?

A

a mixture of at least one pure metal and another element to produce a material with enhanced properties

46
Q

Are alloys harder than metals?

A

yes, because of their atoms that are not all the same size and the distorted arrangement of the atoms made it hard for the atoms to slide over each other

47
Q

Composition of high speed steel (HSS)

A
  • chromium molybdenum
  • tungsten vanadium
  • cobalt carbon
48
Q

composition of stainless steel

A
  • low carbon 0.03 - 0.08%
  • chromium 10.5 - 26%
49
Q

composition of brass

A
  • copper 65%
  • zinc 35%
50
Q

What are thermoforming polymers?

also known as thermoplastics and thermoforming plastics

A

polymers that are once formed into shape can be re-formed again multiple times due to heat and can be recycled

51
Q

What is the source of plastic?

A

oil

52
Q

Properties of polymers in general

A
  • tough
  • electrical insulators
  • have a good strength to weight ratio
  • are available in a wide range of colours
  • flexible (thermoplastics)
  • brittle (thermosetting plastics)
  • suitable for mass production processes
  • have a smooth surface so easily cleaned
  • food safe
53
Q

how do you identify thermosetting plastics?

A

name ends in -hyde or resin

54
Q

what are thermosetting polymers?

also known as thermosets or thermosetting plastics

A

polymers that cannot be reformed using heat as they burn instead, difficult to recycle

55
Q

properties of most textiles

A
  • soft
  • comfortable
  • good strength to weight ratio
  • hardwearing
  • thermal insulators
  • breathable (allows persperation to escape)
  • can be dyed
  • available in a wide range of colours
56
Q

Where is cotton sourced from?

A

cotton plants

57
Q

Where is silk sourced from?

A

silkworm cocoon

58
Q

where is wool sourced from?

A

animal fleece

59
Q

What are natural fibres?

A

made from plant or animal based fibres and are renewable and biodegradable

60
Q

What are synthetic fibres

A

made from chemically produced fibres and are not biodegradable

61
Q

Where are synthetic fibres sourced from?

A

oil

62
Q

What are blended fibres?

A

combine two or more types of fibre to produce a fabric with enhanced properties

63
Q

What is woven cloth?

A

made up of two sets of yarns which are threaded at 90 degrees to each other
warp threads fixed in the loom and run the length of the fabric
weft thread run the width of the fabric

64
Q

What are non woven fabrics?

A

fabrics made directly from fibres without being spun into yarns

65
Q

What are yarns?

A

a continuous length of interlocking fibres

66
Q

What is a thread?

A

yarn made specifically for weaving or sewing

67
Q

What is knitting

A

a technique of interlocking yarn loops together to produce a fabric

68
Q

What are the properties of high speed steel and what is it used for?

A
  • can withstand high temperatures when machining at high speed
  • used for cutting tools such as drill bits
69
Q

What are the properties of stainless steel and what is it used for?

A
  • hard, ductile, rust resistant
  • used for cutlery, kitchen equipment
70
Q

What are the properties of brass and what is it used for?

A
  • malleable and easily cast
  • good corrosion resistance
  • used for music instruments, statues
71
Q

List all of the working properties

A

1) ductility
2) malleabiltiy
3) hardness
4) toughness
5) elasticity
6) strength

DT theory GCSE (6 decks)

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