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DT theory GCSE > DT essentials (cramming) > Flashcards

DT essentials (cramming) Flashcards

1
Q

What are physical properties?

A
  • properties of any material that can be measured in their natural state
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2
Q

What physical properties are there?

A
  • absorbency
  • denisty
  • electrical conductivity
  • fusibility
  • thermal conductivity
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3
Q

What is absorbency?

A
  • ability of a material to soak up or draw in heat, light or moisture
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4
Q

What is density?

A
  • the mass per unit volume of any material
  • how solid a material is
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5
Q

What is electrical conductivity?

A
  • measure at which a material can transport electricity
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6
Q

What is fusibility?

A
  • the ability of a material to be converted to a solid to fluid state by heat and combined with another material
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7
Q

What is thermal conductivity?

A
  • measure of a material’s ability to transfer heat
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8
Q

What are working properties?

A
  • how a material responds when it is manipulated or worked
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9
Q

What working properties are there?

A
  • ductility
  • elasticity
  • hardness
  • malleability
  • strength
  • toughness
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10
Q

What is ductility?

A
  • ability of a material to be stretched or drawn or pulled without breaking
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11
Q

What is elasticity?

A
  • ability to return to original shape after stretching or compression

Lycra used for sportswear - freedom of movement

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12
Q

What is hardness?

A
  • ability to withstand impact, wear, abrasion and identation

tungsten = hard, used for saws, knives, drills

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13
Q

What is malleability?

A
  • ability to be bent or shpaed without cracking or splitting
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14
Q

What is strength?

A
  • ability to withstand a force
  • eg pressure, compression, tension or shear
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15
Q

What is toughness?

A
  • ability to absorb shock without fracturing
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16
Q

What is compression?

give an example

A
  • pushing force applied to either end of material

concrete pillar holding up building

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17
Q

What is bending?

give an example

A
  • tension on bottom
  • compression on top

eg aluminum diving board

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18
Q

What is torsion?

give an example

A
  • when a material is twisted

eg brass key

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19
Q

What is tension?

give an example

A
  • pulling force on either end of material

nylon climbing rope

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20
Q

What is shear?

A
  • acts on object parallel to its length

low carbon steel screw used to hang something on a wall

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21
Q

What are the differences between hardwood and softwood?

A
  • hardwood = grows slower, more expensive
  • softwood = grows faster, cheaper
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22
Q

How are timber converted into a workable form?

A
  • felled
  • debarked - removes bark + branches
  • conversion and sawing = converts logs into more managable planks
  • seasoned - reduces moisture content = less prone to shrinkage, warping (air dried or kiln dried)
  • planer thicknesser used to make timber smooth all round, precise dimensions
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23
Q

Describe air dried seasoning

A
  • timber separated and stacked under protective, roofed structure
  • open sides = air circulates
  • 3 months - 1 year
  • cheap
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24
Q

Describe kiln-dried seasoning

and draw a diagram

A
  • kiln filled with steam
  • moisture content gradually reduced
  • more expensive
  • 3-5 days
25
Q

What is linear movement?

A
  • movement in one direction along a straight line
26
Q

What is reciprocating motion?

A
  • repetitive up and down or back and forth linear motion
27
Q

What is rotary motion?

A
  • movement on or around an axis
28
Q

What is oscillating movement?

A
  • movement backwards and forwards along a curved path
29
Q

What is a first order lever?

example

A

fulcum in middle
pliers

30
Q

What is a second order lever?

example

A
  • load in middle
  • wheelbarrow
31
Q

What is a third order lever?

example

A
  • effort in middle
  • tweezers
32
Q

How do you calculate mechanical effort?

A

load/effort

33
Q

What are the six Rs?

A

1) Rethink
2) Refuse
3) Reduce
4) Reuse
5) Repair
6) Recycle

34
Q

What is rethink?

A
  • is there better way of designing product?
  • impact of design

responsibility of desinger, manufacturer

35
Q

What is refuse?

A
  • avoid using materials that are not socially/ environmentally unacceptable
  • don’t buy a product if you don’t need it

responsibility of the consumer

36
Q

What is reduce?

A
  • make durable and long-lasting products
  • reduce consumption and waste
  • reduce energy and transport

responsibility of designer, manufacturer, distributor

37
Q

What is reuse?

A
  • produce used again for another purpose

responsibility of consumer

38
Q

What is repair?

A
  • repair where possible instead of replace

responsibility of designer, manufacturer, consumer

39
Q

What is recycle?

A
  • take product apart
  • convert parts into usable materials

responsibility of designer, manufacturer, consumer

40
Q

What is turning?

draw a diagram

A
  • wastage process, typically wood + metal
  • lathes used to turn timber/metal at speed
  • wood turned on rotating chuck
  • tool = stationary, moved into path of work piece (or done by CNC machines)
  • speed of rotation of work piece altered (reflect diameter, material being turned)
  • long pieces of work = support from both ends
  • produces bowls, spindles in wood
  • bore holes, turn threads, allow drilling operations in all materials
41
Q

What is batch production?

A
  • make consistent products
  • produced in large batches, reduce overall cost of item
  • templates, jigs, moulds ensure consistency of production
  • each batch tested for quality and uniformity
  • machinery may need recalibration between batches = down time

seasonal items, newpapers, baked goods
2-thousands

42
Q

What is mass production?

A
  • standardised products in large quantities
  • automation of processes, assembly lines = efficient for high volume
  • fewer workers
  • set-up costs for machinery/ robots = high
  • costs spread over large no. of goods (reduces cost per unit)

vehicles, mobile phones
1000s to millions

43
Q

What is a prototype?

A
  • representation of product
  • evaluate + test design
  • confirm design methods + costs
  • eg physical/ CAD models

1

44
Q

What is one-off production?

A
  • manufacture of single item
  • high quality, bespoke
  • high cost

bespoke furniture, hand made wedding dress

45
Q

What is continuous production?

A
  • 24 hrs a day, 7 days a week
  • expensive to run
  • highly automated, small work force
  • machinery = large volumes of 1 item

millions to billions
components

46
Q

How is MDF made?

A

1) wood processed into chips/particles
2) mixed with adhesive
3) compressed into shape with rollers, heated to cure adhesive
4) boards trimmed to standard sizes

47
Q

What is 3D printing?

Draw a diagram of 3D printing

A
  • builds 3D object using reels of thermoplastic
  • use CAD files that are converted to series of co-ordinates (G-code)
  • printer follows to build up object in layers
  • monitor printing process - nothing goes wrong
  • remove from printing bed
  • additive manufacturing
48
Q

What is laser cutting?

Diagram

A
  • directs laser beam at precise focal length to cut, etch or engrave on material
  • material placed on bed, CAD file loaded
  • speed, power and dimension settings according to material
  • accurate- laser beam does not blunt or wear out
  • consumes lots of power
49
Q

How is plywood made?

A
  • thin veneers of wood at 90 degrees to each other
  • glued to create composite
  • pressed and heated until adhesive sets
  • decorative laminate surface added (flooring, furniture)
50
Q

Process of tanalisation

A

1) vaccum empties air from cells of timber
2) flooded with preservative under vaccum
3) preservative forced deep, high pressure
4) vaccum extracts excess
5) draws in surface excess under low pressure = left to dry

51
Q

What is tolerance?

A
  • amount of error allowed for task
  • used in quality checking
  • products + systems = perform correctly given criteria
52
Q

What is ergonomics?

A
  • designing workspaces + environments to fit ppl who use them
  • minimises risk of injury
53
Q

What is anthropometrics?

A
  • study of human body, its measurements and proportions
54
Q

What is a design specification and what is it used for?

A
  • measurable criteria (more specfic than design brief)
  • used to test and evaluate design concepts/ at end of project
  • summarises research
  • modify design as iterative design process
55
Q

Describe primary data

A
  • data collected first hand
  • created by those needing data

tailored to specific needs

up to date, relevant

time consuming, large number of ppl needed

56
Q

What are sources of primary data?

A
  • interviews
  • surveys
  • focus groups
  • product analysis
57
Q

Describe secondary data

A
  • information created by others

already collected, free, large amount available

58
Q

Give examples of secondary data

A
  • books
  • government data
  • exemplar work from others

out of date, not specific enough

59
Q
A

DT theory GCSE (8 decks)

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