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DT theory GCSE > P83-86, 104-106 > Flashcards

P83-86, 104-106 Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the process of sawing and cutting using hand tools

A

1) mark out cutting lines, measure from datum point
2) material should be clamped or held in a vice to prevent movement
3) drag saw backwards to create niche which marks starting point clearly. use full length of cutting blade + avoid pressing too hard- saw could bend = inaccurate bending
4) support the end piece at the end of the cut to ensure clean cut
5) remove rough edges by sanding machine, filing or sandpaper

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2
Q

What is wasting/wastage?

A
  • “subtractive” processes
  • material is removed to cut/shape it
  • eg sawing, filing, routing, drilling, turning, laser cutting etc.
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3
Q

What are addition/additive processes?

A
  • process where material is added
  • eg lamination, printing, soldering, welding, 3D printing, lay-up method for CFRP, etc
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4
Q

What are forming/ deforming processes?

A
  • where material are shaped/ deformed
  • eg laminating with a mould to bend wood, vacuum forming HIPS, steam bending timber etc.
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5
Q

What are reforming/ redistrubition processes?

A
  • materials are melted to liquid, made into totally different shape
  • eg. injection moulding, blow moulding, extrusion
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6
Q

What is a rip/ cross-cut saw used for?

A
  • straight cuts
  • cutting wood across/ along the grain
  • less accurate (no “back” to keep it rigid)
  • rough cuts
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7
Q

What is a tenon saw used for?

A
  • straight cuts
  • cutting shallow lines into small pieces of wood
  • “back” of saw stops blade from bending
  • more accurate
  • has depth restriction
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8
Q

What is a coping saw used for?

A
  • cutting curved lines through thin material
  • thin blade + large frame for curves
  • for timber, plastic and thin metal
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9
Q

What is a hacksaw/ junior hacksaw used for?

A
  • straight cuts
  • fine toothed for cutting hard materials such as metal/ plastic
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10
Q

What is the kerf?

A
  • gap due to waste created when cutting
  • account for kerf when cutting
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11
Q

draw a diagram of 3D printing

A
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12
Q

draw a diagram of laser cutting

A
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13
Q

Describe 3D printing

A
  • builds three-dimensional object formed from reels of thermoplastic
  • use CAD files that are converted to series of co-ordinates (G-code)
  • printer follows to build up object in layers
  • additive manufacturing
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14
Q

What is batch production?

A
  • making 2- thousands of consistent products
  • uses jigs, templates and moulds to ensure consistency
  • large batches reduce overall cost of item
  • each batch tested for quality and uniformity
  • machines may need to be recalibrated or stopped between batches -> down time

used for seasonal products, baked goods, newspapers etc

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15
Q

What is a prototype?

A
  • representation of a product
  • eg physical model/ CAD model
  • helps evaluate and test a design, confirm design methods and costs
  • test aspects like size, aesthetics, ergonomics, or function
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16
Q

What is one-off production?

A
  • manufacture of a single item
  • fully functioning, complete
  • eg custom made jewellery, bespoke furniture
  • skilled craftsmanship will be high
  • costs go up as well
17
Q

What is mass production?

A
  • producing thousands to millions of standardised products
  • automation used to efficiently produce high volume porducts
  • fewer workers
  • set up costs are high
  • costs spread over large number of goods, reduces the cost per unit
  • used for things that will stay for a few years before getting replaced

used for mobile phones, cars

18
Q

What is continuous production?

A
  • process that takes place 24 hours a day, 7 days a week
  • expensive
  • highly automated with small work force
  • machinery is set up to produce large volume of one item
  • used for products that will never go out of fashion

eg components such as screws, nuts, bolts

19
Q

What is a jig used for?

A
  • holds the material and guides the tool
  • secures work piece quickly and without causing any damage to material
  • always located against reference point or datum edge
  • imporves accuracy and efficiancy
20
Q

What is a template?

A
  • a shape to draw aorund
  • ensures item is accurately made
  • can be replicated for consistant quality
  • should be made of durable material
21
Q

What is a paper pattern?

A
  • a shape to attach to materials to be cut
  • usually used for textiles
22
Q

What is a fixture?

A
  • holds the material, does not guide tool
  • eg. clamp
23
Q

What is a former?

A
  • shape that plastic is formed around in vacuum forming
24
Q

What is a mould?

A
  • what the molten plastic is injected into in injection moulding
25
Q

What is a datum reference point?

A
  • point from which all reasurements are taken
  • accuracy is increased by ensuring measurements are taken from only these points
26
Q

What is a scale drawing?

A
  • allows designer to accurately represent an object or building in one practical size

proportions are the same, can be scaled larger or smaller

27
Q

Describe turning

A
  • lathe used for turning timbers or metals at speed
  • while material spins tool is held against it to cut, sand and deform evenly around object
  • commercial wood turning operated by CNC machinery
  • rotation speed adjusted, depends on diameter of material
28
Q

Draw a diagram of turning

A
29
Q

What is steam bending?

A

1) timber placed in steam box
2) steam increases moisture content = timber is more flexible, 1hr per 25mm of thickness
3) timber bent around former and clamped in place
4) moisture dried from timber, shape is kept

30
Q

What is laser cutting?

A
  • directs laser beam at precise focal length to cut, etch or engrave on material
  • accurate- laser beam does not blunt or wear out
  • speed, power and dimension settings according to material
  • consumes lots of power

DT theory GCSE (6 decks)

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