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DT theory GCSE > October half term test (weeks 2-4) > Flashcards

October half term test (weeks 2-4) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are “new and emerging technologies?”

A

any new technological developement in recent decades (around 20-30 years ago) Eg. mobile phones, wifi, AI etc.

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2
Q

What are consumers

A

Customers

companies exist to make money from consumers and they need to conisder t

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3
Q

What does automation do

A

Does repetitive tasks in assembly lines rather than a human

more precise, no human errors, does repetitive tasks fast

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4
Q

What can robots do

A

they can be used to substitute humans in hazardous environments (eg. high temperature, toxic fumes, dangerous work)

robots are one part of automation

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5
Q

Advantages of robots

just pick two or three to remember :)

A
  • increased efficiency and speed of production
  • accurate and consistent output (less waste)
  • reduced labour costs and can work 24/7
  • ability to work in a variety of environments + doing dangerous work
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6
Q

Disadvantages of robots

just pick two or three to remember :)

A
  • replaces workforce leading to some job losses
  • no human input/ decision making
  • up-skilled workforce to maintain robots
  • expensive to set up
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7
Q

What is enterprise?

A

Enterprise is the ability to identify a business opportunity, develop it and make it commercially successful.

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8
Q

What is crowd funding?

A
  • use of small amounts of capital from many individuals to finance a new business venture.
  • If the venture doesn’t meet the funding target, any funding is usually returned back to the investors.
  • (damages reputation of comany if project fails)
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9
Q

What is virtual marketing/ retail?

A

The use of websites, social media, email and digital marketing to reach a wide audience to promote/sell a product, service or idea.

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10
Q

What is a cooperative?

A

an enterprise that is commonly owned and run its members who may comprise its workforce or customers.

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11
Q

What is Fair Trade?

A

An organisation that improves better prices, decent working conditions, and fair terms of trade for farmers and workers in less economically developed countries. (stop the exploitation of workers in poorer countries)

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12
Q

Give examples of products that are often protected by Fair Trade

A

Chocolate, wine, coffee, cotton, bananas etc

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13
Q

What is sustainability?

A

Protecting and maintaining the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs

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14
Q

What are finite resources?

A

Resources that are in limited supply and are bieng used more quickly than can be replaced.

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15
Q

What are non-finite resources?

A

Resources that are in abundant supply and are unlikely to ever to be exhausted. They can be grown or replaced at the rate that they are being used.

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16
Q

Examples of non-finite resources

A

solar, wind, timbers, cotton etc

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16
Q

Examples of finite resources

A

fossil fuels, metal ores, some minerals

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17
Q

What is a life cycle assessment?

A

a way for companies to assess the environmental impact of a product during the different stages of a product’s life.

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18
Q

what are the 5 stages of the LCA?

A
  1. extraction and processing (energy used by extracting or processing the raw materials to be ready for manufacturing)
  2. manufacturing and production (energy required to manipulate the raw materials into a product ready for sale)
  3. distribution (packaging and transport need to take product to end user)
  4. use (energy required? disposable?)
  5. end of life (landfill or recycled)
19
Q

Waste disposal in companies

A
  • reused interally for alternative parts and products?
  • sell recyclable waste? (recoups cost of materials)
  • waste can heat and power a business (eg. biomass)
20
Q

cause of global warming in manufacturing

A
  • burning of fossil fuels (increased levels of CO2 cause increase in global temperature and causes extreme weather events)
21
Q

Types of pollution caused by businesses

A
  • use of chemicals in manufacturing pollute water
  • plastics end up in the ocean
  • burning fossil fuels for transport
  • noise, light pollution
22
Q

what is continuous improvement?

A

small but continuous improvements to processes and workflow = more efficient and effective

23
Q

methods of efficient working

A
  • staff training
    - use of new technologies, automation and reduction of wastage
24
Q

explain what is technology push

A

when new technology or materials become available, designers will utilise it to make a product before the market is aware of it. eg. the ipad (at first customers were unsure but then was quickly adopted)
- improves existing products or design new products

25
Q

explain what is market pull

A

when the market needs a product, designers will make something to meet that demand. eg. mobile phones with cameras
- focuses on customer need

26
Q

How does automation change job roles?

A
  • automation leads to reduction of manual labour or a change in job roles and working conditions
  • workforce can be retrained for new positions.
  • automation usually requires fewer skilled employees than the previous number “manual” employees,
  • resulting in job loss
27
Q

What is culture?

A

An amalgamation of the ideas, beliefs, customs, and social behaviours of a society or group of people. (important for designers to be aware of the society around them and try to understand other cultures)

28
Q

Fashion and trends

A

they come and go at a very fast pace

29
Q

Faiths and beliefs

A

Designers must understand how a new product could have wider implications in different cultures.

30
Q

What is inclusive design?

A

making sure that a product can be used by as many people as possible, regardless of gender, disability or age. eg. making the height of lift buttons shorter for wheelchair users

31
Q

what is a flexible manufacturing system?

A

A method of production designed to easily adapt to changes in the quantity or type of product being manufactured

32
Q

What is lean manufacturing?

A

focuses on minimising waste and improving efficiency (reduces waste, time, and materials)

33
Q

What is the just in time production method?

A
  • Manufacturers order materials and components to arrive at factory “just in time” to be used, rather than buying in bulk and having to pay for storage.
  • Also, manufacturers try to make products or batches of products “just in time” for when the customer wants them.
  • This saves money as products don’t need to be stored before sale. (saves costs associated with storage.)
34
Q

Advantages of the Just in Time production method.

A
  • products are made to order, saving on storage space.
  • stock doesn’t become old or out of date
  • more factory space can be utilised for other activities
  • materials and components are ordered as needed, keeping cash flow in control.
35
Q

Disadvantages of the Just in Time production method.

A
  • The supply chain must be reliable and fast
  • sales are affected by any delay in deliveries or product failures
  • costs are higher, ordering in small quantities prevents bulk volume discounts.
36
Q

What is computer aided design (CAD?)

A

enables designers, engineers and architects to produce precise technical drawings using a computer. (can be used to create 2D drawings or 3D models, easy to edit + acts as a visualisation before manufacture)

37
Q

Advantages of CAD

A
  • accurate designs
  • changes and corrections can be easily made
  • software can automate some design tasks
  • designs can be shared and view simutaneously
  • designs can be rendered to simulate the final finish
  • 3D models can be produced from the designs
38
Q

Disadvantages of CAD

A
  • cost of software, hi-spec computer and printer
  • work may be lost, corrupted or hacked
  • time taken to learn complex software
39
Q

What is computer aided manufacture (CAM)?

A

uses computer software to control machine tools and machinery in the manufacturing process. eg. laser cutters.

highly accurate, consistent and reduced waste

40
Q

Ethics of manufacturing

A
  • designers should conduct LCAs to evaluate impact to the environment. (pollution? ethically sourcing materials?)
  • companies are increasing their environmental and social credentials due to consumer demand
  • unethical solutions - underpaid labour, compromising safety, or illegal waste disposal
41
Q

The Waste and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) regulations require UK businesses to:

A
  • minimise waste from their electrical equipment and promote reuse
  • ensure waste products are recycled correctly and meet material recovery targets
  • design products by reducing material use and enhancing reusability and recyclability
  • eg. identical charging cables for different portable electronic devices
42
Q

what is Planned or built in obsolescence

A

a deliberate strategy to ensure that a current version of a product will become out of date or worn out within a given time frame. (eg. making iphones more glitchy after a certain amount of time)

43
Q

How do designers plan to minimise environmental impact at the end of a product’s life?

A

end-of-life system, takeback programmes, recovery and recycling (minimises carbon emissions and use of landfill)

44
Q

What is design for maintenance

A

when a product is designed for maintenance, it enables parts that have worn out or broken to be replaced (disassembly)

45
Q

What are the advantages of built in obsolescence

A
  • increases demand, encourages customers to buy again
  • companies use cheaper components, which only need to last as long as the planned life of the product
46
Q

What are the disadvantages of built in obsolescence?

A
  • consumers may complain about having to buy more regularly
  • bad for the environment

DT theory GCSE (6 decks)

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