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Chemistry > Year 11 Outcome 1 (c1-5) > Flashcards

Year 11 Outcome 1 (c1-5) Flashcards

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1
Q

How do you find the mass number simply?

A

Protons+neutrons

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2
Q

What are shells?

A

Shells are principle quantum number with several sub shells within it of different energy levels

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3
Q

How many meters is one nanometer?

A

1nm = 10^-9m

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4
Q

What are ions?

A

They are atoms that have lost or gained electrons

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5
Q

What do electrons need to change energy levels?

A

They need to absorb energy

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6
Q

What produces an emission spectra?

A

When an electron transitions from higher to lower energy states

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7
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A group of atoms that are bonded together

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8
Q

What is an isotope?

A

An atom of an element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons and atomic masses

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9
Q

What are the subshells? (chart)

A 
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p 3d 
4s 4p 4d 4f
5s 5p 5d
6s 6p
7s
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10
Q

How big is the width of human hair?

A

5.0 x 10^4 nm

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11
Q

What is the Pauli exclusion principle?

A

That an orbital can contain only 0,1 or 2 electrons

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12
Q

What is a trend with metallic character?

A

It decreases across a period and increases down a group

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13
Q

What are properties of non-metals?

A
  • low melting and boiling points
  • poor conductors of heat and electricity
  • transparent in a thin sheet
  • dull coloured
  • brittle when solid
  • weak
  • forms negative ions
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14
Q

What are properties of metals?

A
  • high melting and boiling points
  • good conductors of heat and electricity
  • opaque
  • shiny appearance
  • ductile and malleable
  • strong
  • forms positive ions
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15
Q

What is ionization energy?

A

The energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom

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16
Q

What are the trends in electronegativity?

A

It generally increases across a period and decreases down a group

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17
Q

What are the trends in reducing strength?

A

It decreases across a period and increases down a group

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18
Q

What are the trends in oxidating strength?

A

It increases across a period and decreases down a group

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19
Q

What are the trends in atom size?

A

It decreases across the periodic table and increases down the groups

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20
Q

How are elements organised in the periodic table?

A

They are organised relevant to their chemical properties and characteristics

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21
Q

What is the nuclear charge?

A

It is the charge of the protons in the nucleus. Nuclear charge increases as you go across the periodic table.

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22
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

A transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal

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23
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

When non-metallic atoms combine to for molecules or covalent lattices

24
Q

What is a metallic bond?

A

When metallic atoms combine to form molecules or covalent lattices
The electrostatic attraction between cations and electrons

25
Q

What are ionic network lattices?

A

They are three-dimensional arrays of cations and anions

26
Q

What is electrostatic attraction?

A

The strong force of attraction between positive and negative ions which then produces an ionic bond

27
Q

What is a binary compound?

A

a compound containing only two elements

28
Q

What alters the size of a crystal?

A

The conditions during its formation

29
Q

What must be remembered when writing an empirical formula?

A

That cations + are written before anions -

30
Q

What are properties of ionic compounds?

A
  • usually crystalline structures
  • high melting and boiling points
  • do not conduct electricity in a solid form(as the charged particles are unable to move)
  • are hard and the crystals are not easily scratched
  • often dissolve in water to form ions
  • conducts electricity when molten or when an aqueous solution
  • are brittle
31
Q

What processes can metals be heat modified through?

A

Annealing
Quenching
Tempering

32
Q

What are the trends with s-block metals?

A

They are reactive and generally have a low density

33
Q

What are the trends with p-block metals?

A

They contain metals and non-metals and the properties of these metals are varied.

34
Q

What are the trends of d-block metals?

A

They form compounds that are coloured and good catalysts

35
Q

What does the ball bearing model explain?

A
  • metals with large grains have fewer dislocations and bend easily
  • metals with smaller grains have many dislocations and do not bend easily
36
Q

What happens when metal atoms combine?

A

A lattice is formed, consisting of cations in a sea of electrons

37
Q

What are trends in metal reactivity?

A

Reactivity decreases across the periods and increases down the groups of the periodic table

38
Q

What influences the strength of metals?

A

The arrangement of atoms in their crystal grains

39
Q

What are some properties of metals?

A
  • lustrous
  • good conductors of heat and electricity
  • malleable (hammered, bent or rolled into sheets)
  • ductile(drawn out into wires)
  • high density
  • hard
  • high tensile strength
40
Q

What is alloying?

A

Combining metals with other metals (or non-metals) to produce a more useful substance/product

41
Q

What are the flaws in the metallic lattice model?

A

It does not explain the differences in the density and strength of metals

42
Q

How do you find the number of atoms?

A

(Number of moles) x (number of atoms in compound) x (6.02x10^23)

43
Q

How do you find the mass of molecules?

A

((Number of molecules)/(6.02x10^23)) x molar mass

44
Q

How do you find the number of moles?

A

(Mass)/(molar mass)

45
Q

How do you find the mass of moles.

A

(Number of moles) x (molar mass)

46
Q

How do you find the number of molecules?

A

(Number of moles) x (6.02x10^23)

47
Q

How do you find the mass of atoms?

A

((Number of atoms)/(6.02x10^23)) x molar mass

48
Q

How do you find the relative atomic mass(Ar)?

A

(RIM x abundance) / (100)

49
Q

How do you calculate % composition (of y)

A

((Mass of y in a compound)/(molar mass of compound)) x 100

50
Q

How do you find the empirical formula?

A
  • Number of moles(mass/molar mass)

- divide by the smallest mole

51
Q

How do you find the molecular formula?

A

-Molecular mass/empirical formula mass
=ratio
-ratio x empirical formula

52
Q

What it the symbol for carbonate?

A

(CO2-)4

53
Q

What is the symbol for sulfate?

A

(SO2-)3

54
Q

What is the symbol for phosphate?

A

(PO3-)4

55
Q

What is the symbol for nitrite?

A

(NO-)2

56
Q

What is the symbol for nitrate?

A

(NO-)3

Chemistry (6 decks)

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