Year 11 Outcome 1 (c1-5)

Question 1

How do you find the mass number simply?

Answer 1

Protons+neutrons

Question 2

What are shells?

Answer 2

Shells are principle quantum number with several sub shells within it of different energy levels

Question 3

How many meters is one nanometer?

Answer 3

1nm = 10^-9m

Question 4

What are ions?

Answer 4

They are atoms that have lost or gained electrons

Question 5

What do electrons need to change energy levels?

Answer 5

They need to absorb energy

Question 6

What produces an emission spectra?

Answer 6

When an electron transitions from higher to lower energy states

Question 7

What is a molecule?

Answer 7

A group of atoms that are bonded together

Question 8

What is an isotope?

Answer 8

An atom of an element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons and atomic masses

Question 9

What are the subshells? (chart)

Answer 9

1s
2s 2p
3s 3p 3d 
4s 4p 4d 4f
5s 5p 5d
6s 6p
7s

Question 10

How big is the width of human hair?

Answer 10

5.0 x 10^4 nm

Question 11

What is the Pauli exclusion principle?

Answer 11

That an orbital can contain only 0,1 or 2 electrons

Question 12

What is a trend with metallic character?

Answer 12

It decreases across a period and increases down a group

Question 13

What are properties of non-metals?

Answer 13

• low melting and boiling points
• poor conductors of heat and electricity
• transparent in a thin sheet
• dull coloured
• brittle when solid
• weak
• forms negative ions

Question 14

What are properties of metals?

Answer 14

• high melting and boiling points
• good conductors of heat and electricity
• opaque
• shiny appearance
• ductile and malleable
• strong
• forms positive ions

Question 15

What is ionization energy?

Answer 15

The energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom

Question 16

What are the trends in electronegativity?

Answer 16

It generally increases across a period and decreases down a group

Question 17

What are the trends in reducing strength?

Answer 17

It decreases across a period and increases down a group

Question 18

What are the trends in oxidating strength?

Answer 18

It increases across a period and decreases down a group

Question 19

What are the trends in atom size?

Answer 19

It decreases across the periodic table and increases down the groups

Question 20

How are elements organised in the periodic table?

Answer 20

They are organised relevant to their chemical properties and characteristics

Question 21

What is the nuclear charge?

Answer 21

It is the charge of the protons in the nucleus. Nuclear charge increases as you go across the periodic table.

Question 22

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 22

A transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal

Question 23

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 23

When non-metallic atoms combine to for molecules or covalent lattices

Question 24

What is a metallic bond?

Answer 24

When metallic atoms combine to form molecules or covalent lattices
The electrostatic attraction between cations and electrons

Question 25

What are ionic network lattices?

Answer 25

They are three-dimensional arrays of cations and anions

Question 26

What is electrostatic attraction?

Answer 26

The strong force of attraction between positive and negative ions which then produces an ionic bond

Question 27

What is a binary compound?

Answer 27

a compound containing only two elements

Question 28

What alters the size of a crystal?

Answer 28

The conditions during its formation

Question 29

What must be remembered when writing an empirical formula?

Answer 29

That cations + are written before anions -

Question 30

What are properties of ionic compounds?

Answer 30

- usually crystalline structures - high melting and boiling points - do not conduct electricity in a solid form(as the charged particles are unable to move) - are hard and the crystals are not easily scratched - often dissolve in water to form ions - conducts electricity when molten or when an aqueous solution - are brittle

Question 31

What processes can metals be heat modified through?

Answer 31

Annealing Quenching Tempering

Question 32

What are the trends with s-block metals?

Answer 32

They are reactive and generally have a low density

Question 33

What are the trends with p-block metals?

Answer 33

They contain metals and non-metals and the properties of these metals are varied.

Question 34

What are the trends of d-block metals?

Answer 34

They form compounds that are coloured and good catalysts

Question 35

What does the ball bearing model explain?

Answer 35

- metals with large grains have fewer dislocations and bend easily - metals with smaller grains have many dislocations and do not bend easily

Question 36

What happens when metal atoms combine?

Answer 36

A lattice is formed, consisting of cations in a sea of electrons

Question 37

What are trends in metal reactivity?

Answer 37

Reactivity decreases across the periods and increases down the groups of the periodic table

Question 38

What influences the strength of metals?

Answer 38

The arrangement of atoms in their crystal grains

Question 39

What are some properties of metals?

Answer 39

- lustrous - good conductors of heat and electricity - malleable (hammered, bent or rolled into sheets) - ductile(drawn out into wires) - high density - hard - high tensile strength

Question 40

What is alloying?

Answer 40

Combining metals with other metals (or non-metals) to produce a more useful substance/product

Question 41

What are the flaws in the metallic lattice model?

Answer 41

It does not explain the differences in the density and strength of metals

Question 42

How do you find the number of atoms?

Answer 42

(Number of moles) x (number of atoms in compound) x (6.02x10^23)

Question 43

How do you find the mass of molecules?

Answer 43

((Number of molecules)/(6.02x10^23)) x molar mass

Question 44

How do you find the number of moles?

Answer 44

(Mass)/(molar mass)

Question 45

How do you find the mass of moles.

Answer 45

(Number of moles) x (molar mass)

Question 46

How do you find the number of molecules?

Answer 46

(Number of moles) x (6.02x10^23)

Question 47

How do you find the mass of atoms?

Answer 47

((Number of atoms)/(6.02x10^23)) x molar mass

Question 48

How do you find the relative atomic mass(Ar)?

Answer 48

(RIM x abundance) / (100)

Question 49

How do you calculate % composition (of y)

Answer 49

((Mass of y in a compound)/(molar mass of compound)) x 100

Question 50

How do you find the empirical formula?

Answer 50

- Number of moles(mass/molar mass) | - divide by the smallest mole

Question 51

How do you find the molecular formula?

Answer 51

-Molecular mass/empirical formula mass =ratio -ratio x empirical formula

Question 52

What it the symbol for carbonate?

Answer 52

(CO2-)4

Question 53

What is the symbol for sulfate?

Answer 53

(SO2-)3

Question 54

What is the symbol for phosphate?

Answer 54

(PO3-)4

Question 55

What is the symbol for nitrite?

Answer 55

(NO-)2

Question 56

What is the symbol for nitrate?

Answer 56

(NO-)3