YEAR 11 Genetics And Nervous System Flashcards
Where is cerebrum in the brain
Largest part
Uppermost region of the brain
Where is the Cerebellum in the brain
At the back
Below the cerebrum
Behind the brainstem
Where is the Medulla Oblongata in the brain
At the top of the brainstem
Below the cerebrum
What do each hemisphere of the cerebrum control
Left hemisphere controls right muscles
Right hemisphere controls left muscles
What is the purpose of the Parietal lobe
Language
Touch
What is the purpose of the Occipital lobe
Sight
What is the purpose of the Temporal lobe
Hearing
Feeling
What is the purpose of the Frontal lobe
Memory
Movement
What is the purpose of the Cerebellum
Controls muscles, balance and posture
What is the purpose of the Medulla Oblongata
Unconscious activity
How do CT scans work
Use x rays to create an image of the brain
How do PET scans work
Patient is injected with a tracer
Which accumulates in more active cells
PET scanner shows where the tracer is
What do CT scans show
ONLY the physical structure of the brain
How can CT scans be used to identify the function of a part of the brain
If the patient has lost a certain function and a specific part of the brain has been damaged
What do PET scans show
Which parts of the brain are active at a given time
What does the Lens do
Change shape to focus light on retina
What is the sclera
Tough outer protective layer of eyeball
What is the Aqueous humour
Fluid at the front of the eye
Allows light to enter the pupil
What is the purpose of the iris
Contains radial and cuticular muscles to change the pupil shape
What do CT scans show
The structure of the brain, but not functions
How can we use CT scans to infer the function of a part of the brain
If the patient has lost a certain function
and the CT scan shows a specific part of the brain has been damaged
What is the pupil
Hole in the iris which lets light into the eye
What is the fovea
Part of the eye with the most cones
What is the purpose of the optic nerve
Contains sensory neurones carrying information from the eye to the brain
What is the cornea
The part which refracts light into the eye
Covers the pupil and iris
What is the retina
Layer at the back of the eye containing photoreceptors
What is the purpose of the suspension ligaments
Hold lens in place
What is the vitreous humour
Fluid giving structural support and allowing light to reach the retina
What is the chorid
The layer in the eye containing blood vessels which absorbs light
What is the conjunctiva
Transparent lubricating layer over the cornea
What is the ciliary body
Contains muscles and o change the shape of the lens
When seeing near objects, the lens becomes
FATTER
When seeing far objects the lens becomes
THINNER
What is Myopia
Short sighted
What is hyperopia
Far sight
Why might someone be short sighted
Lens is too thick so light focuses before retina
Eye is too long too so light focuses before retina
Why might someone be far sighted
Lens is too thin so light focuses after retina
Eye is too short too so light focuses after retina
What are cataracts
Cloudy buildups of protein in the lens
How can cataracts be treated
Surgery to replace the faulty lens
How can colourblindness be fixed
It can’t
Transcription vs translation
Transcription: DNA copied into mRNA
Translation: mRNA is read by a ribosome and used to make a protein
Explain transcription
RNA polymerase bonds to promoter region of DNA and DNA unwinds
RNA polymerase reads the template strand and builds complementary mRNA
mRNA detaches from DNA via stop signal
Explain translation (protein synthesis)
Ribosomes read mRNA
tRNA brings the the correct amino acids (anticodon) for each codon
Ribosomes link amino acids and release the formed protein
What is the start codon for all mRNA
(_ _ _)
AUG
What is non coding DNA
DNA that does not code for protein synthesis
What is the Human Genome Project
Mapping out the entire human genome (all the base pairs)
How will the Human Genome Project help
Allow testing for inherited disorders
Find better medicines
What is the Start codon for all mRNA
(_ _ _)
AUG
