YEAR 9 Genetics Flashcards
What are the 3 parts to a nucleotide
Phosphate
Sugar
Base
What is a nucleotide
They form DNA and RNA
What are the bases in 4 DNA
A T
G C
What type of bond are the attraction between bases in DNA
Hydrogen bond
Why is DNA described as a double helix
Formed from 2 strands in a spiral
What does Expressed mean when referring to genetics
The gene is switched on
How many chromosomes in a diploid cell
46
How many chromosomes in a haploid cell
23
What are gametes
Sex cells
Is sperm diploid or haploid
Haploid
It is a gamete
What process makes gametes
Meiosis
What is a zygote
A fertilised egg cell
What does F1 mean when referring to generations
The first generation
What chromosomes do men have
XY
What chromosomes do women have
XX
How do mutations occur in cells
The wrong Base is inserted into the DNA
How can bacteria be modified to contain a specific gene
(Summarised)
Remove plasmid of DNA from bacteria to act as a vector
Use restriction enzyme to make staggered cut in plasmid DNA to make sticky ends
Use restriction enzyme to cut out gene we want to put in bacteria
Plasmid and gene are inserted back into bacteria making it GMO
What is BT corn
GMO corn with Bacillus Thuringiensis (SOIL BACTERIUM) genes.
Gives corn insecticidal properties
Advantages of BT corn
No pesticides needed
Corn will have less potential health issues
What is biological pest control
Introducing a predator to kill a specific species
(Eg. Came toad)
