YEAR 9 Life Flashcards
Recall the 8 characteristics for life
MOVEMENT
RESPIRATION
SENSITIVITY
GROWTH
REPRODUCTION
EXCRETION
NUTRITION
CONTROL
Explain the function of the nucleus
To store and protect the DNA in a cell
To control the activity of the cell
Explain the function of the cell membrane
It is semi permeable and controls which molecules can diffuse into the cell.
Explain the function of the mitochondria
The place where aerobic respiration occurs, where energy is released to fuel cell processes
Explain the function of the cell wall
ONLY IN PLANT AND BACTERIAL CELLS
Holds the cell structure together
Prevents plant cells from lysing
Explain the functions of the chloroplasts
Filled with green chlorophyll
Absorb light for photosynthesis
Explain the function of the vacuole
(Big central part in plant cells)
Contains sap for sugars and ions
Gives structural support
Explain the function of ribosomes
Where protein synthesis occurs
In both plants and animals
What is a eukaryote vs prokaryote
Eukaryotes are in multicellular organisms and have nucleus
Prokaryotes are single celled organisms with no nucleus
How are sperm cells adapted
Lots of mitochondria for ATP
Tail to swim
Haploid nucleus
How are egg cells adapted
Haploid nucleus
Cytoplasm contains nutrients for embryo
How are ciliated epithelial cells adapted
Have cilia ‘hairs’ to catch debris in airways
Cells to organs (In ascending order)
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ system
What does an Electron microscope do
Shoot a beam of electrons at a DEAD specimen
Electrons bounce back and are received, creating a BLACK AND WHITE IMAGE
Define the 2 types of electron microscope
Transmission - 2D image
Scanning - 3D image
Describe the measurements below MILLI-
Milli
Micro (µm)
Nano
Pico
Explain the function of the Plasmid
Found in PROKARYOTES
A small circle of additional DNA
Helps to transfer genes and helps cloning
Explain the function of the Flagella
FOUND IN PROKARYOTES
Allow the cell to swim through the environment
Explain the function of the slime capsule
FOUND IN PROKARYOTES
How are red blood cells adapted to their function
Biconcave shape enlarges sf area for gas exchange
Lack of nucleus provides more space for hemoglobin
Factors affecting rate of diffusion
Concentration gradient
Sf area of cell membrane
Diffusion distance
Temperature
