YEAR 11 Exchange And Transport In Animals Flashcards
What is active transport
Moving a substance UP the concentration gradient by using energy
Vasodilation occurs when we are too …
HOT
Vasoconstriction occurs when we are too …
COLD
How does vasodilation help with homeostasis
More blood near skin
More heat transfers to environment
How does vasoconstriction help with homeostasis
Reduces blood flow near skin
Less body heat transferred to environment
How are the alveoli adapted to gas exchange
Short 1 cell thick diffusion distance
Vast sf. area due to millions of alveoli
How are red blood cells adapted to their function
Biconcave shape maximises diffusion of oxygen
No nucleus allows more Haemoglobin to carry oxygen
What are phagocytes
White blood cells which engulfs and digests pathogens and microorganisms
What are B Lymphocytes
White blood cells which produce antibodies to kill microorganisms
What are platelets
Fragments of cells which help with blood clotting
What is plasma
The liquid part of blood
Helps to transport substances in the blood
Which direction do arteries take blood
AWAY FROM THE HEART
Which direction do veins take the blood
TOWARDS THE HEART
Do arteries carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood
Oxygenated
EXCEPT PULMONARY ARTERY
Do veins carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood
Deoxygenated blood
EXCEPT PULMONARY VEIN
Do arteries have valves
No
Do veins have valves
Yes
The heart has upper and lower chambers
What are the lower chambers called
Ventricles
The heart has upper and lower chambers
What are the upper chambers called
Atrium
Why do the ventricles have much thicker walls than the atrio
They have to pump blood to the entire rest of the body
The atrio just have to pump to the ventricles
Why is the wall of the LEFT ventricle thicker than the right
Left pumps blood to entire rest of body
Right only pumps blood to lungs
Why are there valves between atria and ventricles
To ensure blood does not flow form ventricles back into atria
What do tendons in the heart do
Stop valves from inverting
What does the double circulatory system do differently than a single circulatory system
Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood are separate
Maintains higher pressure to deliver blood quickly to body
