Year 10 Weather Hazards 1A

Question 1

tropical storms

Answer 1

A natural hazard like a hurricane, typhoon or cyclone

Question 2

Extreme weather

Answer 2

When a weather event is significantly worse than the usual weather

Question 3

Coriolis effect

Answer 3

The rotation of the earth causes winds to curve as they move

Question 4

Cumulonimbus

Answer 4

Very large and tall thunderclouds

Question 5

Saffir- Simpson Scale

Answer 5

Shows windspeed on a scale from category one to category five

Question 6

Weather hazards

Answer 6

E.g. drought, floods, storms, heat waves, snow

Question 7

At equator

Answer 7

Concentrated some light makes the air hot so it rises which makes it become low pressure and then it becomes wet

Question 8

At poles

Answer 8

Less concentrated some light means cold air to the air sinks and when it sinks it becomes high-pressure and dry

Question 9

Pressure belts

Answer 9

Low pressure along the equator, high pressure near Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn, high pressure at the North pole and the South pole

Question 10

Surface winds

Answer 10

Across the earths surface, air moves from high pressure to low pressure areas e.g. winds from the Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn move towards the equator, these winds move heat and moisture around the planet

Question 11

How are tropical storms distributed?

Answer 11

In between the Tropic of Cancer and equator (5° to 30° north) and in between the Tropic of Capricorn and equator (5° to 30° south)

Question 12

What are the four things needed for tropical storm to be able to form?

Answer 12

1) need area of concentrated isolation for high temperatures and rising air which means low pressure with clouds and precipitation
2) must form over ocean where the temperature needs to be above 27°C
3) heat and moisture are needed as energy to power the storm
4) Coriolis effect is needed which causes the tropical storm to spin

Question 13

What is the sequence of formation for tropical storms?

Answer 13

1) at above warm tropical ocean is heated by sun
2) warm air rises rapidly causing low pressure and cumulonimbus clouds
3) Coriolis effect causes the clouds to spin creating fast wins dos
4) spinning cumulonimbus clouds cause torrential rain
5) tropical storm reaches land and since there’s no heat or moisture from the ocean to power the storm it begins to lose energy and also the friction with the land slows the storm so it begins to weaken and disappear

Question 14

Features of tropical storms

Answer 14

The eye is a calm area in the centre of the tropical storm with no rain or wind, the eye wall has fast winds cumulonimbus clouds and heavy precipitation

Question 15

What are three ways climate change might affect tropical storms?

Answer 15

1) distribution, with warmer oceans tropical storms may form in different areas
2) intensity, the 1°C increase in ocean temperature may increase wind speeds by 3 to 5%
3) frequency, warm oceans mean more intense storms may occur and more often

Question 16

Location, date, category, wind speed of typhoon Haiyan

Answer 16

Typhoon Haiyan, Philippines, Asia
November 2013
Category five
314 km/h winds

Question 17

What were the primary effects of typhoon Haiyan

Answer 17

6190 deaths, $12 billion dollars of damage, 1.1 million tons of crops destroyed, 90% of Tacloban city destroyed, airports badly damaged

Question 18

What were the secondary effects of typhoon Haiyan

Answer 18

4.1 million people homeless, oil leak from ship (800,000 L oil spell), environment damaged, looting, and eight deaths in stampede for rice, flooding cause it water to become contaminated with sewage

Question 19

What were the immediate responses for typhoon Haiyan

Answer 19

President made a televised warning, 800,000 people evacuated, 1 million food packs were distributed, 250,000 L of freshwater distributed, curfew imposed to reduce looting

Question 20

What were the long-term responses for typhoon Haiyan

Answer 20

Plan of ‘building back better’ and also ‘no dwelling zone’ along coast, new storm surge warning system, replanted mangrove trees along coast as natural barrier

Question 21

How does monitoring reduce the effects of tropical storms?

Answer 21

Satellites and unmanned aircrafts collect weather data

Question 22

How does prediction reduce the effects of tropical storms?

Answer 22

Super computer computers can give warnings five days before tropical storm

Question 23

How does protection reduce the effects of tropical storms?

Answer 23

Storm shutters, installing emergency generators, securing loose objects are all methods of protection

Question 24

How does planning reduce the effects of tropical storms?

Answer 24

‘National Hurricane Preparedness Week’ in the USA

Question 25

What is the location of Somerset levels floods?

Answer 25

County of Southwest of England, south of Wales and west of London, Atlantic Ocean is to the west

Question 26

What were the causes of the Somerset levels floods?

Answer 26

Heavy rain in January 2014 up to 350 mm causing river overflow, high tides cause storm surges and since tides were higher the river didn’t drain out to sea effectively, no dredging meant the river had reduced capacity to hold water

Question 27

What were the social impacts of the Somerset level floods?

Answer 27

Power supplies cut off so livelihoods were disrupted, shops closed for repairs, villages cut off and isolated e.g. Moorland

Question 28

What were the economic impacts of the Somerset levels floods?

Answer 28

The cost of damage was £10 million, people could not go to work as they were cut off so there was a decrease in local economy, agricultural land was flooded and destroyed so there was a loss of business in the area

Question 29

What are the management strategies used to reduce future risk after the Somerset levels floods?

Answer 29

More dredging so that the river has an increased capacity to hold water, increased drainage speeds to see with drain enhancements so there is less reliance on expensive pumping systems, Bridgewater tidal barrier to stop high tides contributing to floods

Question 30

What is some evidence that whether in the UK is becoming more extreme?

Answer 30

Increase in extreme weather events in UK since 1980s, UK temperatures have increased by 1°C since the 1980s, frequency and severity of winter flooding has increased from the 1980s