Year 10 Natural Hazards and Tectonic Theory 1A Flashcards

1
Q

natural hazard

A

natural event that has potential to cause damage or destruction or death

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2
Q

earthquake

A

a sudden violent movement in the Earth’s crust

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3
Q

tectonic hazards

A

caused by movement of tectonic plates

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4
Q

weather hazards

A

tropical storms, drought, floods

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5
Q

molten

A

hoy, liquid and melted rock

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6
Q

magma

A

molten rock when it’s underground

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7
Q

lava

A

molten rock when it’s over the ground

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8
Q

Why is urbanisation affecting hazard risk?

A

high population density means more people in area so more are affected

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9
Q

Why is poverty affecting hazard risk?

A

low development means weak buildings and less medical care so less help and more deaths

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10
Q

Why is climate change affecting hazard risk?

A

higher temperature means more things like tropical storms so more are affected

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11
Q

Why is farming affecting hazard risk?

A

low lying land is more at risk to flooding

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12
Q

What is the inner core?

A

solid made or iron and nickel and is 5000°C and under high pressure

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13
Q

What is the outer core?

A

liquid made of iron and nickel

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13
Q

What is the mantle?

A

semi molten rock that is 3800°C

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13
Q

What is continental crust?

A

thick (20-200km) and less dense, made of granite, old (3.8 billion years old)

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13
Q

What is the crust?

A

surface layer of the Earth and there are two types, oceanic and continental

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14
Q

What is oceanic crust?

A

thin (5-10km) and more dense, made of basalt, young (200 million years old)

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15
Q

tectonic plate

A

section/segment of crust

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16
Q

plate margins

A

where plates meet

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17
Q

constructive plate margin

A

two plates moving away from each other so rising magma fills the gap

18
Q

destructive plate margin

A

two plates moving towards each other and the oceanic crust is subducted under the continental crust

19
Q

conservative plate margin

A

two tectonic plates slide past each other or side by side at different speeds

20
Q

convection

A

convection currents occur by magma being heated by the core so it rises and when it hits the crust it splits in two opposite directions pushing crust apart and moving the plates

21
Q

ride push

A

molten magma rises in the gap created between a conservative plate margin and cools to form new land which pushes the original plates further apart

22
slab pull
oceanic crust is subducted at destructive plate margins and gravity causes the plate to sink so it pulls the rest of the plate along causing the entire plate to move
23
What does VEI stand for and what does it do?
Volcanic Explosivity Index, shows magnitude of volcano (1=low, 8=high)
24
What is composite volcanoes?
cone shaped volcano that occur at destructive plate margins
25
What is shield volcanoes?
flat like a shield and occur at constructive plate margins
26
What is high viscosity?
thick lava from violent eruptions e.g. composite volcanoes
27
What is low viscosity?
thin, runny lava from less violent eruptions e.g. shield volcanoes
28
earthquake focus
point under ground where an earthquake starts
29
epicentre
point on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake focus
30
Richter scale
used to decide the magnitude of earthquakes
31
seismic wave
waves of energy that travel through the earths layers
32
seismometer
equipment used to measure and record earthquakes
33
plate movement at constructive plate margin
two plates move away from each other
34
earthquakes at constructive plate margin
sometimes occur at constructive plate margins, two plates are pushed apart so pressure builds up within the rocks and that pressure releases vibrations which can cause small earthquakes
35
volcano formation at constructive plate margin
as the two plates move away magma rises to fill the gap which form volcanoes
36
volcano type at constructive plate margin
creates shield volcanoes which are wide, flat and shield shaped
37
VEI at constructive plate margin
low VEI due to not very violent eruptions and has thin, runny lava (low viscosity) that spreads over large distances
38
volcano example at constructive plate margin
Mount Nyiragongo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Africa
39
plate movement at destructive plate margin
two plates move towards from each other
40
earthquakes at destructive plate margin
pressure and friction builds up within the rocks and eventually the plates slip suddenly to new position and this sudden movement causes vibrations that are felt as earthquakes
41
volcano formation at destructive plate margin
as the two plates move towards the oceanic plate slips under the continental plate causing immense heat and pressure so the oceanic plate melts and sinks, turning into magma which then rises through cracks to surface and forms volcano
42
volcano type at destructive plate margin
creates composite volcanoes which are high, steep and cone shaped
43
VEI at destructive plate margin
high VEI due to violent eruptions and has thick lava (high viscosity) that explodes into clouds of thick ash
44
volcano example at destructive plate margin
Mount Sakurajima, Japan, Asia
45
plate movement at conservative plate margin
two tectonic plates slide past each other