Year 10 Natural Hazards and Tectonic Theory 1A

Question 1

natural hazard

Answer 1

natural event that has potential to cause damage or destruction or death

Question 2

earthquake

Answer 2

a sudden violent movement in the Earth’s crust

Question 3

tectonic hazards

Answer 3

caused by movement of tectonic plates

Question 4

weather hazards

Answer 4

tropical storms, drought, floods

Question 5

molten

Answer 5

hoy, liquid and melted rock

Question 6

magma

Answer 6

molten rock when it’s underground

Question 7

lava

Answer 7

molten rock when it’s over the ground

Question 8

Why is urbanisation affecting hazard risk?

Answer 8

high population density means more people in area so more are affected

Question 9

Why is poverty affecting hazard risk?

Answer 9

low development means weak buildings and less medical care so less help and more deaths

Question 10

Why is climate change affecting hazard risk?

Answer 10

higher temperature means more things like tropical storms so more are affected

Question 11

Why is farming affecting hazard risk?

Answer 11

low lying land is more at risk to flooding

Question 12

What is the inner core?

Answer 12

solid made or iron and nickel and is 5000°C and under high pressure

Question 13

What is the outer core?

Answer 13

liquid made of iron and nickel

Question 13

What is the mantle?

Answer 13

semi molten rock that is 3800°C

Question 13

What is continental crust?

Answer 13

thick (20-200km) and less dense, made of granite, old (3.8 billion years old)

Question 13

What is the crust?

Answer 13

surface layer of the Earth and there are two types, oceanic and continental

Question 14

What is oceanic crust?

Answer 14

thin (5-10km) and more dense, made of basalt, young (200 million years old)

Question 15

tectonic plate

Answer 15

section/segment of crust

Question 16

plate margins

Answer 16

where plates meet

Question 17

constructive plate margin

Answer 17

two plates moving away from each other so rising magma fills the gap

Question 18

destructive plate margin

Answer 18

two plates moving towards each other and the oceanic crust is subducted under the continental crust

Question 19

conservative plate margin

Answer 19

two tectonic plates slide past each other or side by side at different speeds

Question 20

convection

Answer 20

convection currents occur by magma being heated by the core so it rises and when it hits the crust it splits in two opposite directions pushing crust apart and moving the plates

Question 21

ride push

Answer 21

molten magma rises in the gap created between a conservative plate margin and cools to form new land which pushes the original plates further apart

Question 22

slab pull

Answer 22

oceanic crust is subducted at destructive plate margins and gravity causes the plate to sink so it pulls the rest of the plate along causing the entire plate to move

Question 23

What does VEI stand for and what does it do?

Answer 23

Volcanic Explosivity Index, shows magnitude of volcano (1=low, 8=high)

Question 24

What is composite volcanoes?

Answer 24

cone shaped volcano that occur at destructive plate margins

Question 25

What is shield volcanoes?

Answer 25

flat like a shield and occur at constructive plate margins

Question 26

What is high viscosity?

Answer 26

thick lava from violent eruptions e.g. composite volcanoes

Question 27

What is low viscosity?

Answer 27

thin, runny lava from less violent eruptions e.g. shield volcanoes

Question 28

earthquake focus

Answer 28

point under ground where an earthquake starts

Question 29

epicentre

Answer 29

point on Earth’s surface directly above the earthquake focus

Question 30

Richter scale

Answer 30

used to decide the magnitude of earthquakes

Question 31

seismic wave

Answer 31

waves of energy that travel through the earths layers

Question 32

seismometer

Answer 32

equipment used to measure and record earthquakes

Question 33

plate movement at constructive plate margin

Answer 33

two plates move away from each other

Question 34

earthquakes at constructive plate margin

Answer 34

sometimes occur at constructive plate margins, two plates are pushed apart so pressure builds up within the rocks and that pressure releases vibrations which can cause small earthquakes

Question 35

volcano formation at constructive plate margin

Answer 35

as the two plates move away magma rises to fill the gap which form volcanoes

Question 36

volcano type at constructive plate margin

Answer 36

creates shield volcanoes which are wide, flat and shield shaped

Question 37

VEI at constructive plate margin

Answer 37

low VEI due to not very violent eruptions and has thin, runny lava (low viscosity) that spreads over large distances

Question 38

volcano example at constructive plate margin

Answer 38

Mount Nyiragongo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Africa

Question 39

plate movement at destructive plate margin

Answer 39

two plates move towards from each other

Question 40

earthquakes at destructive plate margin

Answer 40

pressure and friction builds up within the rocks and eventually the plates slip suddenly to new position and this sudden movement causes vibrations that are felt as earthquakes

Question 41

volcano formation at destructive plate margin

Answer 41

as the two plates move towards the oceanic plate slips under the continental plate causing immense heat and pressure so the oceanic plate melts and sinks, turning into magma which then rises through cracks to surface and forms volcano

Question 42

volcano type at destructive plate margin

Answer 42

creates composite volcanoes which are high, steep and cone shaped

Question 43

VEI at destructive plate margin

Answer 43

high VEI due to violent eruptions and has thick lava (high viscosity) that explodes into clouds of thick ash

Question 44

volcano example at destructive plate margin

Answer 44

Mount Sakurajima, Japan, Asia

Question 45

plate movement at conservative plate margin

Answer 45

two tectonic plates slide past each other