Year 10 Urbanisation and Rio Case Study 2A Flashcards
urban area
cities, towns
rural areas
countryside, villages
urbanisation
increase in percentages of a country’s population living in urban areas
megacity definition
urban areas with population more than 10 million people
HIC and example
High Income Country (UK) - richest countries
LIC and example
Low Income Country (Nepal) - poorest countries
NEE and example
New Emerging Economy (Nigeria) - starting to become rich countries
population
number of people in a place
migration
moving from one area to another
urban change
global pattern leads increasing urbanisation which is more people moving to urban areas
Urbanisation trend in HIC’s
urbanisation rate is slowing as 80% have already moved to urban cities
urbanistation trend in LIC/NEE
urbanisation rate is speeding up as more are moving to urban areas
amount of megacities in 2015 and estimated 2050
2015 - 28 megacities, 2050 - 50 megacities estimated
rural to urban migration?
people move from rural (countryside’s) to urban (cities) areas
push factors definition and example
people migrate from rural areas for negative reasons like famine
pull factors definition and example
people migrate to urban areas for positive reasons like better job opportunities
natural increase
birth rate is higher than death rate leading to population increase
regional
a small area
national
a whole country
international
across more than one country
manufacturing
making things in factories
industry
processing raw materials and manufacturing goods (usually in factories)
goods
items that can be bought and sold
import
buying goods from abroad
export
selling goods to another country
location of Rio
Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, South America (second largest city)
regional importance
provides schools, hospitals, universities, opportunities for employment, leisure and recreation
national inportance
Headquarters is located there for mining and oil companies, specialises in clothing, processed food, chemicals and pharmaceuticals
international importance
Hosted the 2016 Olympics and Paralympic games, hosted the 2014 World Cup, has lots of tourism for the Statue of Christ the Redeemer
Statistics of urban growth in Rio 1950’s to now
since 1950’s population in the city has become three times larger and now has a population of 6.5 million and areas that surround it have a further 13.5 million people
what are the two causes of urban growth and what are they in Rio
1) migration - rural to urban migration leads to population increase as there are more opportunities in Rio
2) natural increase - migrants are of working age and have children which increases birth rate over death rate
Percentage of slums in Rio (negative)
22% of the city live in slums that have overcrowded housing
clean water problems in Rio (negative)
illegal taping and leaks lead to a third of water loss
sanitation issues in Rio (negative)
many use pit latrines which is the sewage in soil and rivers
energy issues in Rio (negative)
power cuts are common as electricity supply is overwhelmed
Why are access to services bad in Rio (negative)
slums reduce access to healthcare and school attendance
unemployment percentage in slums and crime rate statistics for Rio (negative)
unemployment over 20% in slums, 1/3 of people work in the informal economy so less taxes are paid to government to fix city, criminal gangs involved in vandalism and drugs
waste disposal in Rio (negative)
waste isn’t collected regularly so makes streets narrower and ends up in rivers or bays
air and water pollution in Rio (negative)
air - pollution levels are high from industries and traffic
water - untreated sewage from slums is let into rivers and bays
traffic congestion fact for Rio (negative)
has one of the highest levels of congestion in South America
healthcare access in urban compared to rural in Rio (positive)
High access to healthcare compared to rural areas
education and statistic in Rio (positive)
access to schools and universities (95% of kids above 10 are literate)
water supply and why in Rio (positive)
good infrastructure was set up from the 2016 Olympics (90% mains supply)
energy in urban compared to rural in Rio (positive)
power supply is more reliable in city compared to rural areas
industrial areas in Rio (positive)
employment opportunities are available in Rio’s five ports through the export of coffee, sugar and iron ore which led to improvements of services, roads and transport
What is the Favela Bairro Project
The upgrading of favelas where materials are given to residents to improve their homes while installing infrastructure like roads, water, electricity etc. Access to fresh water and sanitation is provided along with cable cars to transport workers to and from work. Project is costly due to rapid population growth and requires maintenance
