Year 10 Earthquakes and Tectonic Hazard Case Studies 1A

Question 1

tectonic hazard

Answer 1

volcano or earthquake

Question 2

primary effects

Answer 2

what happens straight away

Question 3

secondary effects

Answer 3

what happens later on

Question 4

immediate response

Answer 4

how people help straight away

Question 5

long-term response

Answer 5

how people help later on

Question 6

contrasting wealth

Answer 6

places with different amounts of money and development

Question 7

magnitude

Answer 7

number to show the strength of an earthquake

Question 8

Chile - location, development, GNI per capita, date, time, magnitude

Answer 8

Location - Southwest of Santiago(capital), Development - HIC, GNI per capita - In 2010 $13490, date - February 27th 2010, time - 3:34 am, magnitude - 8.8

Question 9

Nepal - location, development, GNI per capita, date, time, magnitude

Answer 9

Location - Gorkha, Nepal, Development - LIC, GNI per capita - In 2015 $780, date - April 25th 2015, time - 11:56 am, magnitude - 7.8

Question 10

Chile primary effects

Answer 10

Deaths - 700, injured - 12,000, Cost of damage - $30 billion, Hospitals damaged - 8

Question 11

Nepal primary effects

Answer 11

Deaths - 8841, injured - 16,800, Cost of damage - $5.15 billion, Hospitals damaged - 26

Question 12

Chile secondary effects

Answer 12

homeless - 700, education - 11% schools damaged, Landslides blocked main roads

Question 13

Nepal secondary effects

Answer 13

homeless - 1 million, education - 50% schools damaged, Avalanche killed 19 people

Question 14

Chile immediate response

Answer 14

Aid - food, shelter and water, Evacuation - Residents sent to higher ground

Question 15

Nepal immediate response

Answer 15

Aid - red cross provided tents for 275,000, World health organisation distributed medical supplies

Question 16

Chile long-term response

Answer 16

aimed to build back stronger, regrow economy

Question 17

Nepal long-term response

Answer 17

$274 million in aid from European Union, 23 areas rebuilt, Mount Everest trail was re-routed

Question 18

Tourism

Answer 18

More than 100 million people visit volcano and earthquake areas on holiday -> provides local economy with money -> employment in tour guides, hotel workers etc.

Question 19

Farming

Answer 19

Tectonic hazard areas are fertile -> nutrients in soil -> good for farming ->provides food for 10% of population

Question 20

Mining

Answer 20

people mine sulphur -> used in matches, fertilisers -> paid on average a day $6

Question 21

Geothermal energy

Answer 21

water heated underground by magma -> turns into steam -> turns turbines -> generates electricity -> 30% of Iceland’s energy is geothermal -> renewable

Question 22

family + friends

Answer 22

people don’t want to move away -> may have cultural attachment -> may be cheaper to live there

Question 23

How do you monitor and predict earthquakes?

Answer 23

difficult for seismometers to record foreshock in ground, radon gas detectors measure gas released from cracks, earthquakes are mapped to spot patterns and trends

Question 24

How do you monitor and predict volcanoes?

Answer 24

easier to predict than earthquakes, tiltmeters record changes in shape of volcano, heat sensors detect temperature changes, spiderbots measure gas escape from volcano

Question 25

How do you protect against earthquakes?

Answer 25

earthquake proof buildings e.g. rubber shock absorbers, X shaped frame, pendulum in roof etc., nuclear power stations shutdown during an event, people can hide under tables

Question 26

How do you protect against volcanoes?

Answer 26

impossible to build homes to survive eruption so evacuation is key, can build lava diversion channels to move lava away from towns, close windows to stop ash entering homes

Question 27

How do you plan against volcanoes?

Answer 27

warning system to alert people to evacuate area, preparation of emergency survival kit with checklist, education on how to survive, volcano drills to rehearse evacuation route

Question 28

How do you plan against earthquakes?

Answer 28

earthquake drills to rehearse 'stop cover hold', emergency survival kits, smart phones detect shaking and send alert message, attach furniture and objects to walls securely