Year 1 Top 10

Question 1

Cognitive bias

Answer 1

when you think that everyone thinks the same as you

Question 2

Functionalism

Answer 2

the function of the whole controls the different parts

Question 3

Social constructions of nature and risk

Answer 3

how we see ourselves vs. nature, how high science is held

Question 4

Metabolic rift

Answer 4

humans are seen as separate from nature

Question 5

Social-Ecological Systems (SES)

Answer 5

A social-ecological system consists of ‘a bio-geo-physical’ unit and its associated social actors and institutions.

Question 6

Plants may … each other if they are in different successional stages (may use up the same nutrients)

Answer 6

inhibit

Question 7

Fundamental niche

Answer 7

tolerance range of a species

Question 8

Realized niche

Answer 8

where the species actually exists (depends on environmental conditions and resources)

Question 9

Tragedy of the commons

Answer 9

refers to a situation in which individuals with access to a shared resource (also called a common) act in their own interest and, in doing so, ultimately deplete the resource.

Question 10

Interspecific competition is…

Answer 10

between 2 species

Question 11

Intraspecific competition is…

Answer 11

between individuals of 1 species

Question 12

An S curve represents …

Answer 12

logistic growth

Question 13

Horizons

Answer 13

vertical soil layers

Question 14

Chalk … acids

Answer 14

buffers

ph can stay high

Question 15

Main parent material types

Answer 15

chalk, volcanic material, peat soils (water + biota need for soil formation)

Question 16

Why is it that very little organic matter can be found in rainforest soil?

Answer 16

high input but also fast decomposition (due to high temperatures and water availability)

Question 17

Boreal forests

Answer 17

• mainly evergreens
• a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces, and larches
• largest land biome

Question 18

Temperate forests

Answer 18

mainly deciduous trees (shed leaves)

Question 19

Deciduous

Answer 19

shed leaves

Question 20

Sedimentation

Answer 20

when soil is brought from other areas

Question 21

Illuviation

Answer 21

when salts/colloids are transferred between soil horizons through percolation

Question 22

Eluviation

Answer 22

transport in a solution

Question 23

Percolation

Answer 23

he process of a liquid slowly passing through a filter/sediment

Question 24

Methanogenesis

Answer 24

anaerboic metabolism (carbon into methane)

Question 25

Nitrogen fixing

Answer 25

gas to organic compound in soil

Question 26

Cation Exchange Capacity

Answer 26

soil’s ability to hold cations

Question 27

Mineralization

Answer 27

micro-organisms break down / oxidize chemical compounds in the soil making them available for plants

(Dissimilation → removed from soil, Assimilation → organic matter is used for building up biomass/stays in soil)