Yamamoto et al. (2012) Flashcards
What is the psychology being investigated in Yomamoto’s study?
- Altruism
- Pro-Social Behaviour
- Instrumental helping
What is Altrusim?
Willingness todo certain things to others even though there is no obvious benefit to oneself
What is target help?
Target help is based on the understanding of the situation the individual in need is.
Why is target help mostly attributed to humans?
Because it requires ‘Theory of Mind’ and animals do not have it. Animals only have altrusic food sharing between primates
Fill in
One cognitive explanation for social behaviour is…
Relating to help
Target/Instrumental help
What is the aim of Yomamoto’s study?
To learn more about the altrusic behaviour in chimpanzees:
- To find if chimpanzees can comprehend the needs of their conspecifics
- To find if they can react to these needs with targeted help
What kind of experiment was Yomamoto’s study?
Laboratory experiment
What was the research design used in Yomamoto’s study?
Repeated measures design
The participants took part in both conditions of the study and each condition had several trials
What is the IV in Yomamoto’s study?
Whether the chimpanzees could see the other chimpanzee’s situation or not (Can see/Cannot see conditions)
What was the DV in Yomamoto’s study?
The targeted help offered by the chimpanzees.
This was operationalized as a correct tool or not correct non tool item offered.
Describe
The sample in Yomamoto’s study
The participants were recruited from the Primate Research Institute at Kyoto University and consisted of 5 chimpanzees paired in mother and child. The chimpanzees participanted beforehand in studies on helping behaviours and others.
What were the names of the chimpanzees in Yomamoto’s study?
- Ai
- Pan
- Ayumu
- Pal
- Cleo
What was the task the chimpanzees faced in Yomamoto’s study?
The task consisted of one chimp being in one room with the need for a stick or straw in order to get a juice drink. The other chimp has to provide the first with the correct tool out of the 7 available from the adjacent room through a hole in the wall
Why did the chimpanzees went through a familiarization phase, prior to Yomamoto’s study?
So that the chimpanzees could investigate and use each tool to learn its purpose and potential application to situations
How many conditions were there in Yomamoto’s study?
3
What were the conditions in Yomamoto’s study?
- Can see condition
- Cannot see condition
- Another can see condition
Why was there ‘another’ Can see condition in Yomamoto’s study?
To ensure the chimpanzees actions were intentional and not because of order effect
Describe
The ‘Can see’ condition in Yomamoto’s study
The chimpanzees could see in to adjacent room as the panel between them was transparent.
Describe
The ‘Cannot see’ condition in Yomamoto’s study?
The chimpanzees could not see each others’ situations as the panel between them was opaque
How many trails were there in each condition in Yomamoto’s study?
48 trails, half (24) of which had the stick as the correct tool and the other had the straw. The order was randomized.
How many trails were done per day in Yomamoto’s study?
Around 2-4 trails per day
When were trails considered started and finished in Yomamoto’s study?
Started: When the tray of tools was presented
Finished: When either the recipient obtained an offered tool or after 5 mins of no tool being offered.
How was an ‘offer’ operationalized in Yomamoto’s study?
An ‘offer’ was operationalized as a chimp holding a tool for the other, even if the other didnt take it.
Only first offers were counted.
How were the qualitative and quantitative data gathered in Yomamoto’s study?
The trails were recorded using a video camera
What was the qualitative data gathered in Yomamoto’s study?
The chimpanzees’ gestures/movement
What was the quantitative data gathered in Yomamoto’s study?
The number of correct offers given
What were considered ‘Tools’ in Yomamoto’s study?
The correct objects given
What were considered as ‘Non-Tools’ in Yomamoto’s study?
Any other objects given
