ICD and non substance addictive disorder Flashcards
What is Impulse Control Disorder(ICD)?
Impulse Control Disorder are characterized as disorders by impulsivity; faliure to resist a temptation, an urge or an impulse.
Individuals find it difficult to regulate thoughts and behaviours connected to a certain behaviour.
What are the 6 components identified by Griffiths?
- Salience - Behaviour becomes of major imortance
- Mood Modification - Distinct pleasureable feeling from performing it
- Tolerance - Need increased amount to get the same feeling
- Withdrawal symptoms - Negative feelings from discontinuing
- Conflict - Internal or with others around
- Relapse - Failed attempts at discontinuing
What are the types of addictions?
- Kelptomania - urge to steal
- Pyromania - urge to set fire
- Gambling - (Non substance addictive disorder) urge to gamble
What is Kleptomania?
- Impulse control disorder where the individuals cannot control the impulse to steal.
- Not due to financial gain
- Characterized by urges to steal
- Kleptomanics feel suspense before and pleasure or gratification after performing the act. Some may feel guilt and shame too.
- More women diagnosed than men; occurance rate is between 0.3 and 0.6% in the population
Describe K-SAS?
Kleptomania Symptom Assessment Scale is a self report scale consisting of 11 items. Addresses issues about stealing such as impulses, thoughts, feelings and behaviours. They are asked to base their responses on the past week.
It has a point scale of either 0-4 or 0-5, where 4/5 indicate the greatest severity of the symptoms.
Evaluate K-SAS
- High retest reliability. Reported high scores
- High concurrent validity with the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale
- Quantitative data
- Social desirability bias (Weakness)
Issues and debates of K-SAS?
- Relevant to everyday life
- Helps monitor reduction in symptoms
- Helps gain insight to people’s thoughts and feelings
- Helps research ways for treatment
What is Pyromania?
- As described by Burton et al, pyronomia is an impulse control disorder characterized by the urge to start fires.
- To be disgnosed, the individual has to deliberately and occasionally start fires several times.
- Pyromanics feel emotinally charged before and feel relived and pleasure afterwards.
- They are fascinated by fire, its accelerants, watching fire and explosions.
- Some may worry about the consequences or feel totally indifferent.
What is the gambling disorder?
Gambling disorder is a non substance addictive disorder characterized by ;
* Constant and troubled gambling behaviour
* Difficulty withdrawing even when a big amount of money is lost
* Hiding being involved in gambling
* Difficulty maintaining healthy relationships due to it
Gambling disorder showed stimulation of the brain’s reward system just as substances do
What is stratium?
Stratium is the brain area responsible for rewards and behaviour control
What is the biochemical explanation for ICD/Addictions?
Comings & Bloom - ‘Reward Deficiency Syndrome’
* Dopamine is regarded as the ‘happy’ chemical. It is stimulated by rewarding stimuli such as enjoyable behaviours.
* When these behaviours are performed, reward centres stimulate release of dopamine.
* When these become compulsive, the levels of dopamine in the striatum reduces
* Deficiency of dopamine in the striatum leads to the continuation of these compulsions and addictions.
* People with ICD or addiction increase the frequency of their behaviours.
What is the behavioural explanation of ICD/addiction?
Operant conditioning part
Operant conditoning - positive reinforcements
* An individual’s behaviour is a result of a perious trial of it. If a person is performing a behaviour and as a result they feel good, the result acts as the positive reinforcer and increases the chances of the person repeating the behaviour.
What is the behavioural explanation of ICD/addiction?
Schedules of reinforcement part
- Individuals with gambling disorder do not stop after losing because of ‘Schedules of reinforcement’. Games involve losing too so the reward isn’t recieved everytimg they play. They aren’t satisfied so they keep playing in order to make up for the losses. They believe that they will win if they play just one more time. This is called ‘partial reinforcement’
- It is used in fruit machines and changes people’s behaviour very quickly
What is the cognitive explanation of ICD/addiction?
Miller - Feeling-state theory
* This theory relies on the underlying thoughts of a behaviour. Instense positive feelings are linked to it. He says that ICD is caused when these links form a ‘State-dependent Memory’.
* This feeling state consist of all sensations, emotions and thoughts experineced by the event, may include physiological.
* A person’s feeling state in relation of positive emotions, physiological arousal and memory create a compulsion for it.
* Miller also suggested that negative thoughts most likely create a feeling state leading to ICD. Negative beliefs due to negative consequences
What are opiates?
A group of powerful drugs which have historically been used as painkillers.
Many opiates are considered to have a high risk of drug abuse. (Heroin is an opiate)
