Y9 - Specialised Cells Flashcards
What adaptions do Nerve Cells have?
Nerve cells are specialised to carry electrical impulses around the animal
Lots of dendrites connecting to other cells.
An axion that carried nerve impulses can be very long.
The synapses are adapted to pass the impulse to another cell or between a nerve cell and a muscle using a special transmitter chemicals.
What adaptions do Muscle Cells have?
Muscles cells contain special proteins that slide over each other making the fibres contract.
They contain many mitochondria to transfer energy needed for chemical reactions.
Store glycogen - broken down used in cellular respiration - transfer energy to contract.
What adaptions do Sperm Cells have?
Sperm cells are a long way until fertilisation.
Genetic information from male parent.
Sperm cells move through female reproductive system to reach an egg, then they break into the egg
Long tails for movement.
Transfer energy from mitochondria.
What adaptations do Xylem Cells have?
The spirals and rings of lignin in the xylem cells make them very string very string them withstand the pressure of water moving up the plant.
Support stem
Move easily through them.
Alive when first formed special cells called lignin cells build up in a spiral.
These cells die and form long hollow tubes that allow mineral ions and water to flow through
What adaptions do Root Hair Cells have?
Root hair cells are near the tip of growing roots
Lots of water and dissolved mineral ions.
Root hair cells help them take up water and mineral ions more efficiently. The xylem tissues water and mineral ions.
Mineral ions moved into the root hair cell by active transport
High surface area - available water
Large permanent vacuole speeds up movement of water by osmosis.
What adaptations do Phloem Cells have?
The cell walls between the cells break down to form special sieve plates. Water to carry dissolved food to move freely up and down the tubes to where it is needed.
Phloem cells lost a lot of their internal structures but they are supported by companion cells that help to keep them alive.
Mitochondria the companion of cells transfer the energy needed to move dissolved food up and down.
What adaptations do Photosynthesis Cells have?
Contain specialised green structures called chlorophyll
To trap the light needed for photosynthesis.
Continuous layer of leaves to absorb as much light as possible.
Permanent vacuole to keep cells rigid.
Lots of these rigid cells are arranged together to form photosynthesis tissue they help support the stem.
